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Chinese Journal of Management Science ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 124-137.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1770

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Data-Driven Models and Applications on Poverty Identification, Classification, and Prediction

Suoyi Tan1, Mengning Wang1, Ye Tian2, Jianguo Liu3, Xin Lu1()   

  1. 1.College of Systems Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
    2.Department of Industrial Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
    3.School of Digital Economy,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China
  • Received:2024-09-30 Revised:2024-12-03 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: Xin Lu E-mail:xin.lu.lab@outlook.com

Abstract:

Poverty refers to individuals or groups who are unable to obtain the resources and services necessary to meet basic living requirements, and it has long been a major global social issue. Traditional methods of poverty identification and measurement mainly rely on statistical data and sample surveys, which are limited by high costs, low efficiency, poor timeliness, and data scarcity, making it difficult to reflect dynamic socioeconomic conditions in a timely manner. With the advent of the digital era, data resources in fields such as population, geography, and economy are increasingly abundant, providing new opportunities for the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven models to tackle poverty in more precise and timely ways. It systematically reviews the key poverty concepts and measurements in this paper, focusing on the application of data-driven models and algorithms in poverty mapping, poverty trend prediction, and socioeconomic status assessment. It is organized as follows: Section 2 provides a succinct overview of the diverse definitions of poverty, and summarizes both unidimensional and multidimensional measurements of poverty through the lenses of education, health, and the living environment, among other perspectives. Section 3 to 7 enumerates the data-driven models found in the existing literature, categorizing them systematically based on the various types of methodologies, including regression analysis, machine learning, neural networks, complex network theory, and natural language processing (NLP). To conclude, the potential implications and opportunities for utilizing big data and AI technologies in achieving poverty reduction goals are discussed in section 8, and the forefront is pointed out as well as critical challenges of the field, such as more precise spatial analysis, real-time monitoring capabilities, and trend prediction. At the same time, key challenges are highlighted such as data representativeness, data quality, and model interpretability, while also pointing out possible future directions.

Key words: SDG, poverty measurement, big data, artificial intelligence

CLC Number: