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The Formation and Development of China’s Management Science and Engineering Discipline Shanlin Yang, Chao Fu, Minglun Ren, Xinbao Liu, Yezheng Liu, Bing Jiang, Jianping Li, Changyong Liang, Zhe Liang, Liang Liang, Cuiqing Jiang, Jianling Jiao, Jun Pei, Shaobo Wei Chinese Journal of Management Science    2026, 34 (1): 1-27.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.2189 Abstract （1760）   HTML （92）    PDF（pc） （1028KB）（1337）       Knowledge map    Save The formation and development of China’s Management Science and Engineering discipline are systematically examined from multiple perspectives， including the establishment and evolution of the disciplinary system， major research fields and methodologies， key characteristics of disciplinary development， and contributions to economic and social development. It is found that China’s Management Science and Engineering discipline possesses its own distinctive developmental context， disciplinary connotations， disciplinary structure， and independent academic contributions. As a comprehensive interdisciplinary field spanning the natural sciences， technical sciences， engineering sciences， humanities， and social sciences， its formation and development are grounded in the natural， technical， and engineering sciences and are deeply embedded in management practices across various domains of China’s economic and social development. The discipline has undergone three major stages the initial stage （1949—1977）， the recovery and reconstruction stage （1978 to the mid-to-late 1990s）， and the prosperity and innovation stage （from the mid-to-late 1990s to the present）. It has gradually developed research characteristics that are “problem-oriented， practice-driven， and innovation-oriented through interdisciplinary integration，” and has established a relatively mature disciplinary knowledge system encompassing 20 branch fields， including general management， systems management， behavioral management， operations research and optimization， and intelligent management. The discipline has made significant contributions to the advancement of global management science theory and practice and has become an indispensable component of the overall scientific system. The development of the discipline exhibits four core characteristics. First， it closely aligns with major national strategies and engineering practices， extracting localized theoretical insights—such as top-level design and system decomposition， technical coordination and interface management， and comprehensive integration—from landmark projects including the “Two Bombs， One Satellite” program and the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge. Second， it emphasizes theoretical and methodological innovation， generating original theoretical achievements such as the Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering， grey system theory， and extenics theory， while promoting the transformation of traditional management paradigms toward data- and AI-driven intelligent decision-making. Third， it integrates cultural inheritance with innovation by absorbing traditional Chinese management wisdom and realizing its modern transformation， thereby proposing new theories and methods such as Oriental management， harmonious management， Tao-based management， He-He management， and the Wuli-Shili-Renli （WSR） methodology. Fourth， rooted in China’s management practices， it has developed a diversified collaborative model characterized by “joint platform construction， collaborative project research， co-cultivation of talent， and shared institutional innovation，” while deepening international cooperation across multiple dimensions to advance disciplinary development. The discipline has also made important contributions to economic and social development. In the field of technological innovation management， it provides systematic management frameworks for major scientific and technological initiatives such as the China Space Station. In major engineering management， it offers scientific methodologies for addressing uncertainty in complex systems. In industrial development， it facilitates industrial transformation and upgrading through resource optimization and process innovation. In social governance， it enhances the efficiency of emergency response and public service delivery. Looking ahead， in response to new challenges and opportunities under evolving circumstances， the discipline will focus on emerging issues such as the deep integration of artificial intelligence and management， global supply chain restructuring， and green and sustainable development. It aims to achieve new breakthroughs in fundamental theories and key technologies， including complex system management and human-machine collaborative decision-making. At the same time， it is essential to further strengthen interdisciplinary integration with artificial intelligence and other fields， cultivate interdisciplinary talent， reform the talent training system， and provide more robust theoretical support and practical pathways for high-quality development and the modernization of national governance. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Marketization Level of Data Factors and Corporation Performance :Evidence from China Rongda Chen, Chen Wang, Chenxin Pan, Cheng Liu Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 1-11.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1707 Abstract （1651）   HTML （26）    PDF（pc） （688KB）（791）       Knowledge map    Save In factor marketization process of China， advancing the market-oriented allocation of data factors is pivotal for enhancing their economic value. Systematically measuring regional data marketization levels is of significant importance， yet research in this area remains limited. An index is developed to measure this level， based on a theoretical framework of analyzing the definition and attributes of data factors. This index is constructed from three aspects： supply， development， and application （SCA） of data factor. The level across 30 provinces in China from 2014 to 2022 is measured， and further its impact on corporate performance within regions is examined， along with the underlying mechanisms. Empirical results show that the marketization of data factors significantly enhances corporate performance. Additionally， the analysis of mechanisms reveals that enhancing both governance structure and external supportive environment are important pathways through which the marketization of data factors influences corporate performance. However， this positive effect is less pronounced for corporations located in non-eastern regions of China and for state-owned enterprises， compared to their counterparts in the eastern areas and non-state-owned firms. Also， this effect exhibits significant industry-specific variations. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Identification Methods for “Stuck Neck” Technology Mengsi Cai, Xin Lv Chinese Journal of Management Science    2026, 34 (1): 104-117.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0809 Abstract （1091）   HTML （25）    PDF（pc） （1482KB）（459）       Knowledge map    Save Under the unprecedented great changes in the current world， technological competition is increasingly becoming the focus of major power games， thus it is urgent to break through the bottleneck of key core technologies in China. Scientifically and accurately identifying “stuck neck” problems can provide important basis for achieving breakthroughs in key core technology bottlenecks and independent controllability. Researchers have recently explored various ways of identifying “stuck neck” technologies， however， no extant research systematically summarized these efforts. To fill in this research gap， the literature on identification methods of “stuck neck” technology is reviewed， and the existing problems and future trends of “stuck neck” technology identification are summarized. The relevant literatures published on the academic journal in the field of “stuck neck” technology connotation， characteristics， and identification methods are reviewed. First， it begins with clarifying the connotation of “stuck neck” technology by comparing it with key core technology， disruptive technology， breakthrough technology， and “trump card” technology. Then， a framework of “stuck neck” technology characteristics is proposed， which contains five essential attributes （i.e.， key core technology attributes， strategic competitiveness， technical complexity， technological gap， and national security） and a series of extended attributes. According to the main methodology used in the literatures， it summarizes the “stuck neck” technology identification methods into five categories， including Delphi-based methods， indicator evaluation methods， bibliometric-based methods， network analysis methods， and machine learning methods. Finally， it concludes with identifying the research gaps in extant research and discussing some possible future directions. To summarize， it is found that there is a lack of clear and unified understanding of the “stuck neck” technology and its core attributes， although the majority of scholars declare that the “stuck neck” technology belongs to the category of key core technology. In addition， the various evaluation indicators built by different researchers for identifying “stuck neck” technology show a certain degree of intersection or overlap， and no research has verified the effectiveness of these indicators in cross disciplinary “stuck neck” technology identification. It is also found that few studies have integrated data from invention patents， academic papers， research reports， news reports and other sources， and less empirical research has been conducted on identifying “stuck neck” technical points at the micro level. This review would support the early warning and precise identification of potential “stuck neck” technologies， providing reference and guidance for the deployment of national technology strategies and the original technological breakthroughs in key fields， thereby promoting high-quality economic development and safeguarding national security in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Hybrid Multivariate Regression Forecasting for Gold Prices: A Decomposition-Reconstruction-Ensemble Methodology Zhaorong Huang, Zhengyang Song, Bo Yang, Nengmin Zeng, Le’an Yu Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (12): 41-56.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.2305 Abstract （1039）   HTML （22）    PDF（pc） （3172KB）（474）       Knowledge map    Save The pricing mechanism of gold assets is particularly complex， and it is difficult to fully reveal the rich multidimensional information contained in its inherent feature space through a univariate time series analysis framework. A hybrid regression model with robust decomposition and hierarchical integration strategies for gold price prediction is proposed from the perspective of decomposition-reconstruction-ensemble， effectively exploring the synergistic effects of mixed financial influencing factors at different time scales. Firstly， a stable variational mode decomposition （SVMD） technique is developed to extract the stable center frequency component boundaries of the gold price sequence for continuous feature learning. Then， using the Hurst exponent as a memory reconstruction index， the decomposition boundary is reconstructed into short-term， medium-term， and long-term scale components. Subsequently， utilizing the advantages of feature selection from scaled principal component analysis regression and minimum maximum concavity penalty regression， a hybrid linear regression （HLR） is constructed to extract important financial features for prediction at different time scales， thereby improving the overall prediction generalization ability. Finally， the hierarchical ensemble method integrated the prediction results of the original layer， reconstruction layer， and component layer to obtain a reconciliatory gold price prediction value. The effectiveness of the proposed model in the three steps of decomposition， reconstruction， and ensemble is validated on the international gold futures price dataset， and the advantages of the proposed model are compared with various prediction models and decomposition modeling strategies in existing research. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Modeling of Complex System Management: A Research Paradigm Guided by Scenarios Haiyan Wang, Zhaohan Sheng Chinese Journal of Management Science    2026, 34 (2): 1-9.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.2023 Abstract （976）   HTML （24）    PDF（pc） （1443KB）（557）       Knowledge map    Save In traditional management decision-making， the “problem guidance” research paradigm is often adopted， which simplifies and assumes the actual management problems of the original ecology， abstracts them into theoretical problems through scenario stripping， and conducts theoretical research after mathematical processing. The research conclusions are tested for authenticity and then applied in practice to further improve the theory in application. However， this research paradigm faces many limitations when applied to complex systems and their management activities with reduction theory is irreversible （non additive integrity， complex integrity） properties， mainly because the "problem guidance" research paradigm cannot decipher the complex integrity in the management activities and processes of complex systems. To address this issue， considering that scenarios are the macro form， evolution， and evolutionary path formed by management activities， environment， and management activity-environment composite systems at the overall level， and contain all the detailed information of management activities and processes， scenarios are adopted to depict the complex integrity of complex system management and proposes a “scenario guidance” research paradigm. Based on the theoretical consistency between big data and scenarios in complex integrity， a conceptual framework and overall approach for modeling complex system management scenario driven by big data have been designed， forming a method for reverse modeling of complex system management scenarios based on scenario big data collected or recorded through observation or experimental methods. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Response Planning of Supply Chain to Cope with Supply Disruption under the Impact of Emergencies Yi Jing, Wei Liu, Qinqin Liu, Fengjiao Cheng, Huarong Zhang Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 57-66.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1173 Abstract （968）   HTML （0）    PDF（pc） （715KB）（422）       Knowledge map    Save With the continuous upgrading of economic globalization and the further deepening of industrial division， supply chain networks have become more and more large and complex. Moreover， under the influence of concepts such as “Just in Time”， the resource configuration of the traditional supply chain follows the internal logic of prioritizing efficiency， which brings huge benefits to enterprises， but meanwhile increases the vulnerability of enterprises in the face of risks. If any member enterprise in the supply chain suffers from the impact of an emergency， resulting in its operation stagnation or even paralysis， the impact will quickly spread and diffuse to the entire network， bringing immeasurable losses to other member enterprises.In order to solve the issue of supply disruption in a three-level supply chain consisting of multiple suppliers， one manufacturer and multiple distributors， a comprehensive coping strategy is proposed based on reserving vertical strategic inventory， signing emergency options， expanding procurement urgently， seeking backup supplier and changing product design from the perspectives of pre-prevention and post-remediation. Based on this， three different models are constructed. The first model is the conventional operational planning model of the supply chain without supply disruption. The second model is the response planning model of the supply chain for coping with supply disruption， the objective of which is to maximize the manufacturer’s sales profit in the disruption duration. In the third model， the objective of minimizing the deferred delivery rate of orders is added. Then， according to the structural characteristics of these models， the corresponding solving processes are designed based on ILOG CPLEX and augmented \epsilon -constraint method.The simulation results show that　when supply disruption occurs， the response planning method of the supply chain designed in this paper can effectively help the manufacturer to stop the loss and maintain the production operation at the normal level as far as possible； every single coping strategy is only effective in tackling short-term supply disruption， but for long-term disruption， it is necessary to adopt different combinations of multiple strategies at different stages of the disruption duration； although the start-up cost of the product design change strategy may be high， manufacturer will have to use this strategy if the disruption duration continues to lengthen or the enterprise wants to reduce the deferred delivery rate of orders. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Competition of Green Supply Chains and R&D Cost-sharing within a Chain: Based on Noncooperative-Cooperative Biform Game Approach Mengqi Li, Dengfeng Li, Jiangxia Nan Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 339-349.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2073 Abstract （924）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （3053KB）（209）       Knowledge map    Save With the prevalence of sustainable development， finding the balance between economic development and environment pollution is an issue that every enterprise in the supply chain needs to solve. The contradiction between high product green level and high green R&D cost leads to the decrease the enterprises' positivity of green technology R&D and profit. In order to meet the green product demands of consumers， many retailers， such as Walmart， have long been committed to help upstream manufacturers to ease the financial pressure by sharing the green R&D cost， which can encourage manufacturers to improve the level of green technology and realize the rational optimization of the supply chain resource. Considering the green competition， price competition and cooperation between manufacturers and retailers， it is worthwhile to explore how to determine the optimal price and the optimal level of green technology.For the competition of two green supply chains and the sharing cost of manufacturers and retailers， the equilibrium price and the optimal profit of supply chains are studied by using the noncooperative-cooperative biform game in this paper. In the noncooperative game part， choose wholesale price and retail price as strategies， which constitutes the competitive situation. In the cooperative game part， manufacturers and retailers optimize the level of green technology and the sharing proportion of green R&D cost. Two cooperative games are established to describe the competition of supply chains and the cooperation among supply chain members. Shapley value is used to distribute the profit of each supply chain. Based on the profit of the cooperative game， the Nash equilibrium strategy of supply chain members is obtained by constructing the non-cooperative game. The influence of the product green competitive intensity and cross price sensitivity coefficient on equilibrium strategy and optimal profit is analyzed through a numerical example.The results show that the green technology and the profit of supply chain members are positively correlated with the coefficient of green R&D cost. As the product green competitive intensity increases， the profit of supply chain members is reduced. And enterprises will reduce the investment in green technology， which leads to the lower green level of products. However， the product price competition can prompt manufacturers to produce products with high green level and raise product pricing. A new method is provided to study the management for green supply chains with coexistence of competition and cooperation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Carbon Emission Reduction Decision Considering Dynamic Consumer Green Perception under the Cap-and-trade Policy Danlu Zhang, Feng Li, Liang Liang, Gang Kou Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 269-281.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0867 Abstract （907）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （2090KB）（320）       Knowledge map    Save The regulation and mitigation of carbon emissions have become critical priorities worldwide. Consequently， many national governments have sequentially introduced diverse emission reduction policies， while the carbon trading market has been demonstrated as an efficacious market-based mechanism， serving as a crucial tool for mitigating carbon emissions. Furthermore， consumers' green consciousness is progressively intensifying， with an increasing number of consumers expressing concerns about the carbon footprint of products. Existing literature has examined factors influencing emission reduction and the impact of consumer green consciousness on such reduction efforts. However， there is limited consideration given to the dynamic change in consumers’ green perception. Consumers’ green perception， similar to carbon reduction， is a long-term dynamic process influenced by factors such as low-carbon policies and technological innovation. Therefore， considering the cap-and-trade and taking dynamic green perception and dynamic carbon reduction into account simultaneously， the impact of different government subsidy policies （consumer subsidy under the TC model and manufacturer subsidy under the TM model） on optimal decision-making in the supply chain is investigated. Furthermore， leveraging carbon emission data from energy-efficient air conditioners by Midea， along with cost data for Carbon Capture， Utilization， and Storage （CCUS）， and current carbon price from the cap-and-trade， a numerical analysis is conducted to examine the impacts of carbon trading prices and production emission coefficients on enterprise profits， societal welfare， and carbon emissions. It is found that： （1） Compared to the TM model， the proactive attention of supply chain members to environmental costs has been effectively enhanced under the TC model. （2） The steady-state value of societal welfare under the TC model surpasses that under the TM model from the long-term perspective. However， during the initial stages of product introduction， the societal welfare is lower under the TC model， even lower than that under the no-subsidy model. （3） When both the carbon trading price and consumer green preferences are relatively high， the optimal subsidy rate under the TC model is higher. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Can State-owned Enterprises as “Chain Leader” Lead the Improvement of Innovation Capabilities of Private Enterprises on the Chain? From the Perspective of Spillover Effects in the Industrial Chain Guangqian Ren, Man Jing, Hao Jiao, Kunkun Xue Chinese Journal of Management Science    2026, 34 (4): 63-76.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.0278 Abstract （879）   HTML （32）    PDF（pc） （764KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save Against the background of global economic downturn， intensified trade friction， and frequent geopolitical conflicts， the risks of “stuck chain” and “broken chain” in China’s industrial chain continue to rise， and enhancing the resilience and innovation effectiveness of the industrial chain has become an important proposition for achieving high-quality economic development. The “chain leader” enterprises are the key force to strengthen， supplement， and extend the industrial chain， and the state-owned enterprises （SOEs） have the core advantages to become the “chain leader” enterprises， so they should give full play to the radiation and driving role of the “chain leader” SOEs and lead the private enterprises in the chain. To give full play to the role of “chain leader” SOEs and lead the collaborative development of private enterprises in the chain is an important way to enhance the resilience of the industry chain. Based on the above research background， the data of A-share listed private enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen and their top five suppliers and customers from 2009 to 2023 are taken as samples， and the influence of “chain leader” SOEs on the innovation ability of private enterprises in the chain and its mechanism is examined from the perspective of the association of industrial chain enterprises.The conclusions are as follows. Firstly， “chain leader” SOEs can play the “wild goose effect” and lead the improvement of the innovation capacity of private enterprises in the chain. Secondly， the mechanism test finds that “chain leader” SOEs enhance the innovation capacity of private enterprises in the chain through three paths： technological innovation spillover， alleviating financing constraints， and optimizing resource allocation. Thirdly， the heterogeneity test finds that there is heterogeneity in the innovation-leading effect of the “chain leader” SOEs on the private enterprises in the chain， and the benefits are more significant for the private enterprises in the chain that are not in the western region， with a high degree of market competition， and in the geographic distance between the “chain leader” SOEs and the private enterprises in the chain that are closer to the “chain leader” SOEs. In addition， when the “chain leader” SOEs belong to high-tech industries and have a higher degree of digital transformation， their innovation leadership effect on the private enterprises in the chain is more significant. Fourthly， the economic consequences test finds that the “chain leader” SOEs further enhance their enterprise value by improving the innovation capabilities of private enterprises on the chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Impact of “More Words Than Deeds” on Environmental Responsibility on Stock Price Crash Risk: The Mediation Effect of Investor Sentiment Wanhai You, Senjie Chen, Jianyong Chen, Yinghua Ren Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 12-23.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1361 Abstract （877）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （835KB）（586）       Knowledge map    Save As environmental issues become an important global issue， people are increasingly concerned about environmental issues， requiring enterprises to assume more social responsibilities in environmental protection. Some enterprises exhibit “more words than deeds” behavior when fulfilling their environmental responsibilities， which seriously undermines investor confidence and produces irrational emotions， potentially triggering stock market volatility and even leading to crash risks. Therefore， from the investor sentiment perspective， exploring the impact path of “more words than deeds” environmental responsibility performance on stock price crash risk is significant. Listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets are selected as research samples. Integrating text analysis technology with panel regression models and mediation test models systematically investigates the impact of “more words than deeds” environmental responsibility performance on stock price crash risk and the mediating role of investor sentiment. The results show that the “more words than deeds” performance of corporate environmental responsibility significantly exacerbates stock price crash risk， which is more evident with the rising investor sentiment. The environmental responsibility of enterprises with “more words than deeds” has a significant “crash effect” in main board and non-major regulatory enterprises. The indirect effect of investor sentiment is significantly positive in non-main board and non-major regulatory enterprises. There are essential enlightenment and reference significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization and stabilizing the capital market in this study. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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How do Channel Diversity and Cross-channel Conflict Affect the Effectiveness of Channel Governance Mechanisms? Xingyu Zhao, Guijun Zhuang Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 36-46.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1668 Abstract （870）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （851KB）（161）       Knowledge map    Save The development of Internet technology and e-commerce provide strong support for enterprises to adopt multi-channel selling products. Using different types of channels to sell products has become an important way for enterprise to build competitiveness， but it also poses challenges to manage marketing channel. The implementation of multi-channel marketing not only change the structure of a firm’s channel portfolio， but also has impacts on the inter-organizational relationships and interactive behaviors between firms in a particular channel. Prior literatures on inter-organizational relationships have devoted much attention to channel governance mechanisms， but the effectiveness of channel governance mechanisms in the context of multiple channels is under-researched.To fill the gap in existing research， based on open system theory and the literatures of multi-channel marketing， the effectiveness of channel governance mechanisms in the context of multiple channels is explored by examining the moderating role of channel diversity and cross-channel conflict on the relationship between contractual governance， relational governance and channel opportunism. Manufacturer is taken as the object and the data is obtained by a questionnaire survey. Through multiple regression analysis of data collected from 525 manufacturing firms， the results show that the relationship between channel governance mechanisms and opportunism depends on several multi-channel level contingencies. Specifically， the manufacturer’s channel diversity weakens the effect of contractual governance on opportunism， whereas cross-channel conflict strengthens the relationship between relational governance and opportunism； channel diversity enhances the effects of relational governance on opportunism， but cross-channel conflict weakens the relationship between relational governance and opportunism.The results of this study reveal the effectiveness of channel governance mechanisms in the multi-channel context， not only enrich the study of channel governance， but also have significant implications for future studies. In practice， it provides valuable guidance for the effective implementation of channel governance mechanisms in the context of multiple channels in this paper. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Supply Chain ESG: Research Framework, Challenges and Future Research Directions Jiaguo Liu, Yatao Zhao, Jian Li, Yu Gong Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (11): 185-196.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1775 Abstract （842）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （803KB）（4898）       Knowledge map    Save With the intensification of global economic， social and environmental challenges， ESG has gradually become the key to enhancing corporate reputation and supply chain competitiveness. However， the current academic research on ESG mostly focuses on single-point enterprises， and there are relatively few systematic studies on ESG at the supply chain level. In view of this， the existing research on ESG is reviewed at the enterprise level and the supply chain level. Secondly， the concept of supply chain ESG is defined based on the understanding of supply chain ESG by different organizations and institutions. Then， the research framework of supply chain ESG is constructed around five aspects： supply chain member behavior， supervision and compliance， information disclosure， driving mechanism and risk management. After that， the challenges faced by supply chain ESG are analyzed. Finally， it provides the future research direction of supply chain ESG from the perspectives of standardization and policy drive， competition and cooperation relationship， technology drive and innovation. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Review of Research on the Social Media User Relationship Networks Xixi Li, Qian Wang, Xiangbin Yan, Zhenglin Liu, Shuang Liang Chinese Journal of Management Science    2026, 34 (2): 25-40.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1766 Abstract （831）   HTML （13）    PDF（pc） （1805KB）（522）       Knowledge map    Save With the continuous advancement of information technology， social media has permeated extensively into people’s daily lives and production activities， emerging as a primary conduit for information dissemination and social interaction. Compared to traditional offline social networks， notable changes have occurred in the evolution of user relationship networks within social media， a domain that has garnered considerable academic attention in recent years. However， current research topics concerning social media user relationship networks exhibit a fragmented landscape， lacking a systematic review and holistic interpretation grounded in a specific theoretical framework. To address this research gap， it aims to systematically review and synthesize the relevant content concerning social media users’ relationship networks. 326 relevant publications spanning from 2001 to 2024 are analyzed， sourced from the Core Journals of China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science. A framework diagram is constructed for social media users’ relationship networks based on the element-process framework from general system theory. The analysis is conducted from two primary aspects： research dimensions from the perspective of elements and influencing mechanisms of social media user relationship networks from the perspective of process. The findings reveal that from the element perspective， research on social media user relationship networks unfolds around three aspects： characterization， detection， and prediction of user relationship network features. The focus of these studies is on user relationships or networks， with research perspectives grounded in either static or dynamic contexts. From the process perspective， the influencing mechanisms within social media user relationship networks are explored in terms of influencing factors and effects across multiple levels， and these factors and effects are anchored in various specific scenarios. Building upon this analysis and incorporating contemporary characteristics， three future research trends are identified： online-offline integration， contextual diversity， and negativity research. The contributions of this study lie in providing a systematic framework and insights for domestic scholars to conduct deeper theoretical and empirical research in the field of social media user relationship networks. Additionally， it offers scientific evidence and decision-making references for social media enterprises， platform operators， and policymakers. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Joint Optimization of Procurement Planning and Supplier Selection for the Overseas Base of Manufacturing Enterprises Yuanyuan Jiang, He Luo, Zhiwei Wu, Zhiming Cai, Guoqiang Wang Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 126-137.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2462 Abstract （819）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （1582KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save In the trend of economic globalization， the method of establishing production bases in other overseas countries is increasingly adopted by manufacturing enterprises to participate in international competition. Overseas production bases， as independent subsidiaries of manufacturing enterprises， engage in cross-regional operations， with cross-regional procurement being the primary link in their production and operation. Reasonable selection of suppliers and determination of the quantity of procurement directly affect the operation and efficiency of the enterprise. However， many challenges were confronted with cross-regional procurement， such as various tax policies of different governments， indeterminate supplier factors， etc. Traditional procurement strategies are no longer able to adapt to the ever-changing market environment.Regarding the cross-regional procurement problem of overseas bases for manufacturing enterprises， with the research background of optimizing procurement plans for multiple materials and suppliers within a single procurement cycle， the tax policies of the host country of the overseas base are combined with the supplier management strategy of the manufacturing enterprise， a nonlinear integer programming model to minimize the total comprehensive purchase cost is constructed， which includes five conventional costs： material procurement costs， sea freight costs， raw material inventory costs， raw material processing costs， and customs clearance costs. Quantitative analysis is conducted on tax policies and supplier balance， and the procurement issues of overseas bases for manufacturing enterprises are reasonably described.For this nonlinear integer programming model， a genetic algorithm based on multiple adaptive mechanisms is proposed to solve it. The adaptive mechanism includes a selection strategy that combines various selection methods， an adaptive crossover and mutation strategy based on the fitness value of the population， and an adaptive restart mechanism for elite retention. Numerical experiments have shown that the algorithm can effectively solve the model proposed in this paper， and in the same situation， it can obtain high-quality solutions compared to the comparison algorithm， and simultaneously， as the problem size increases， the algorithm's advantages in solving problems become more prominent. The analysis of variance shows that the robustness of the algorithm is also better than that of the comparative algorithms. Finally， taking the procurement plan of a manufacturing enterprise's Brazilian production base as an example for case analysis， the results show that the optimized procurement plan can better balance the short-term and long-term costs of the enterprise， and has certain theoretical and practical value. It can provide reference and inspiration for manufacturing enterprises to formulate cross-regional procurement plans. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Decisions of Green Products Supply Chain by Considering Retailer's Fairness Concerns under Advance Selling Haoxiong Yang, Xinran Chen, Wei Shi, Yiqi Sun Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 282-292.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2709 Abstract （807）   HTML （6）    PDF（pc） （1231KB）（160）       Knowledge map    Save Manufacturers cooperate with merchants who are stationed on e-commerce platforms to promote green products through the pre-sale mode. Given that， a supply chain decision-making model considering the fairness concerns of the retailer under the pre-sale model is constructed based on Stackelberg Game， which considers that the dominant manufacturers and a retailer makes regular-sale promotional efforts， then the impact of green product pre-sale scales and the fairness concerns on the decision-making of supply chain members are analyzed. According to the model， the cost-sharing contract is established to relieve the uneven distribution of profits. It is found that： the improvement of consumers’ green sensitivity could urge the green upgrading of the supply chain， but lead to the reduction of promotion efforts. Increasing the scale of pre-sale could not continuously make up the profit gap. When a retailer has fairness concerns， it is not conducive for green products to upgrade， but the cost-sharing contract could weaken the negative effect of fairness concern behavior. In addition， the effects of adopting cost-sharing contract are more significant when the scale of pre-sale is large， and it could improve retailer' more profits than manufacturers. A larger cost-sharing coefficient would aggravate the negative effects of fairness concerns on the overall profits of the supply chain. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Two-Stage Decision-making Method in Response to Public Opinion Crisis Derived from Emergency Considering Emotion Evolution Huifang Nie, Jianjun Zhu Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 112-125.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0541 Abstract （801）   HTML （4）    PDF（pc） （1678KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Save The occurrence of emergencies can not only endanger the human society directly but also cause a series of secondary or derivative events because their chain reaction， and public opinion crisis （POC） is one of them. With the rapid development of new media， we-media et.al， the negative impact of emergencies usually can cause POC，thereby resulting in social losses. Therefore， how to propose an effective emergency decision-making method for POC caused by emergencies has become an important issue needs to be solved urgently by the government. Focusing on this issue， a two-stage decision-making method in response to POC considering public emotion evolution is proposed. Firstly， the two-stage decision-making problem in response to POC is described， and a distance measure method for hesitant fuzzy decision information in POC is given. Second， a response method for the initial stage of POC is proposed based on cumulative prospect theory from the perspective of the attribute of response plan. Then， considering the impact of public emotion evolution on decision-making process， a model is constructed to analyze the evolution trend of public emotion under different strategic choices by decision makers， and a programming model regarding the optimal adjustment alternatives in medium stage of POC is given from the perspective of public intervention. a numerical example is given to verify the feasibility of the method， and the comparative analysis with other methods proves the advantages of this method. The results show that： （1） In response process of POC caused by emergencies， the government should pay real-time attention to the public’s emotion changes and whether the initial response plan needs to be adjusted， so as to avoid a large-scale outbreak of POC. （2） Decision makers should adjust the response plan before the proportion of public with negative emotions evolves to a steady state. （3） Compared with the existing distance formulas， our proposed novel distance measurement of decision information in POC can obtain more reasonable decision results. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From Supply Chain to Ecological Chain: Management Challenges and Potential Research Directions Yongbo Xiao, Min Liu, Cui Zhao, Chun Liu Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (11): 173-184.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0063 Abstract （792）   HTML （8）    PDF（pc） （834KB）（798）       Knowledge map    Save The great success of ecological chains， exemplified by companies such as Xiaomi， JD.com， and TikTok， has attracted an increasing number of firms to establish their own eco-chains. By sharing resources within the supply chain， including technology， brand， sales platforms， and customer bases， eco-chains have created a win-win ecosystem for firms across different industries. Specifically， from the perspective of eco-chain “owner，” the establishment of collaborative relationships with eco-chain members through equity investment， extensive incubation， and joint operations enables them to swiftly penetrate more market segments and capitalize on the growth of eco-chain members. From the perspective of eco-chain member， on the other hand， joining such a network allows them to benefit from the rapid development of high-quality products and the explosive growth of market size facilitated by the eco-chain “owner.” In contrast to traditional supply chains， the relationships between firms （i.e.， owner and members） within an eco-chain are much more complicated， with a more pronounced symbiotic effect， and a heightened focus on long-term interests. Consequently， eco-chains have given rise to many new business models and supply chain structures， while also presenting numerous new management challenges to related firms.According to the investigation， there are three typical eco-chain structures. The first type involves eco-chains where manufacturers， as the core entities， have unique advantages in product development and supply chain resources. For instance， Xiaomi， a globally leading smartphone manufacturer， has accumulated core advantages through iterative smartphone development. These include incorporating continuous user feedback for quality improvement， enhancing technology accumulation and product development capabilities， and fostering a stronger brand image. From the perspective of Xiaomi's eco-chain members， they can quickly develop high-quality products with financial support and shared resources from Xiaomi. The second type encompasses eco-chains with core retailers. These retailers possess key capabilities， such as a demand-oriented brand image， extensive channel resources， and a loyal customer base. JD.com， a globally leading online retailer， exemplifies this type by providing financing， warehousing， logistics， and after-sales services to various eco-chain members. The third type is eco-chains in which platforms are core entities. These platforms excel in system construction and service provision， with distinctive advantages in technology and bilateral matching. For example， the live streaming e-commerce eco-chain， TikTok， quickly realizes high profits by accumulating a large number of users from short videos and opening e-commerce modules to attract members such as Multi-Channel Network （MCN） agencies and brand merchants. In practice， the above three types of eco-chain structures give rise to different eco-chain business models， including the equity investment model and the operation cooperation model. The equity investment model involves the eco-chain “owner” holding the equity of its eco-chain members. In contrast， in operation cooperation model， eco-chain “owner” and members allocate the total operational benefits in the system.In the context of the three types of eco-chain structures and two eco-chain business models， the eco-chain “owner” forms into a different competition and collaboration relationship with the member firms， manifesting unique sources of income compared to traditional supply chains. Consequently， both the eco-chain “owner” and members confront several new challenges in eco-chain management relative to traditional supply chain management. Through careful analysis， this paper summarizes five new management challenges of eco-chains， including complicated competition and cooperation， inconsistent objectives among eco-chain firms， the trade-off between the long-term benefits and the short-term profits， financing， and innovation and optimization within eco-chains. Specifically， first， various interactions， such as investment and ownership， product collaboration， or complementarity competition between eco-chain firms， create complicated competition and cooperation relationships. For instance， investment and ownership relationships prompt the eco-chain “owner” to provide technical support and share resources for the member firms， whereas the member firms need to decide whether to compete or collaborate with the “owner.” Further， the complex relationships may result in significant goal conflicts between eco-chain “owner” and member firms， which can evolve dynamically. For example， startups （member firms） initially rely almost entirely on the eco-chain “owner” for their operations but may later compete with the “owner.” Therefore， eco-chain firms should carefully design contracts to facilitate cooperative operations. Third， in models involving investment and incubation， the eco-chain “owner” may prioritize long-term benefits such as market size and industry layout， over short-term profits， influencing the short-term decisions. Consequently， eco-chain firms must strike a careful balance between short-term profits and long-term benefits. Fourth， unlike the direct upstream and downstream relationships of traditional supply chain firms， eco-chain financing is more complex due to the intertwined relationships. Traditional supply chain financing model may not be applicable to eco-chains， necessitating the development of new financing models. Lastly， innovation and optimization in eco-chains often require the balance of efficiency and benefits to ensure collaboration and sustainability. The establishment of data-sharing platforms to address privacy and security concerns may serve as an effective solution.Through the above analysis， this paper surveys the existing relevant literature and summarizes the research gaps. Based on the new management challenges in eco-chains and research gaps in existing related studies， this paper proposes some potential research issues and directions of eco-chains from the perspective of operations and supply chain management， including analysis of consumer behavior， operational decision optimization， competition and cooperation strategies within and across eco-chains， and coordination mechanisms between eco-chain members. Specifically， first， new business models may have different influences on consumer behavior and knowledge acquisition in eco-chains compared to traditional supply chains. Therefore， it is crucial to develop a framework for analyzing consumer behavior by understanding the pivotal role of fans （consumers） and their engagement within eco-chain firms. Second， new structures and business models in eco-chains may affect firms’ operational decisions such as pricing， financing， and investment approaches， through changes in consumer behavior. Focusing on the distinctive characteristics between eco-chain “owners” and member firms， it is of great research value in exploring dynamic pricing strategies leveraging machine learning techniques， financing strategies amidst resource sharing and interactivity， investment strategies tailored to different eco-chain business models， and the trade-off between long-term benefits and short-term profits. Third， when extending the perspective to multiple members rather than single firm within an eco-chain， it is essential not to overlook the effects of evolving competition and cooperation relationships among eco-chain firms. Investigating the dynamics of contracts and incentive-compatible coordination mechanisms holds important theoretical and practical contributions. Finally， from the perspective of competition and cooperation across eco-chains， future research avenues should explore global competitiveness， societal implications， and technological innovation for sustainable development. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Blockchain Provision Strategy in Agricultural Products E-commerce under Hybrid Sales Model Xiaogang Lin, Hailing Huang, Wenzhuo Li, Qiang Lin Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 259-268.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0117 Abstract （770）   HTML （1）    PDF（pc） （925KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save With the rapid development of e-commerce of agricultural products， the hybrid sales model， which consists of wholesale and agency channels， has gradually become the main sales mode for major e-commerce platforms and their sellers to cooperate. Additionally， due to the typical characteristics of blockchain technology， i.e.， distributed storage， non-tampering and transparency， these platforms can share the information of market demand with their sellers to increase sales and profits. However， the platform will face the elimination of its own information advantages by providing blockchain technology to agriculture-related enterprises. Does the platform have the motivation to share information with upstream agriculture-related enterprises？ Can the platform and agriculture-related enterprises win together？ Under the hybrid sales model， a game-theoretic model is built to consider an e-commerce agriculture supply chain consisting of an e-commerce platform and two agriculture-related enterprises by using Stackelberg game method. One enterprise sells its product to the platform who then sells to customers （wholesale channel）， while the other enterprise sells its product through the platform by paying a commission rate （agency channel）. Whether the platform should provide blockchain strategy （and thus disclose demand information） to neither enterprise， one enterprise， or both enterprises is examined. And its impact of the platform's blockchain provision strategy on agriculture-related enterprises and the conditions for the platform and agriculture-related enterprises to achieve a win-win situation is studied. It is found that： The market uncertainty and the commission rate will play a key role in the platform’s blockchain provision strategy. Specifically， when the demand uncertainty is large and the commission rate is small， the platform should not provide blockchain technology to both agriculture-related enterprises. Nevertheless， when the commission rate is large （both the demand uncertainty and the commission rate are small）， it is better for the platform to provide blockchain strategy for only the agriculture-related enterprise that uses the wholesale （agency） channel. When the demand uncertainty is small and the commission rate is moderate， the platform provides blockchain technology to two agriculture-related enterprises simultaneously. The profit of the corresponding agriculture-related enterprise who is offered blockchain technology increases as the platform’s provision strategy is to provide blockchain for only one enterprise. However， both the agriculture-related enterprises become worse-off as the platform’s provision strategy is to provide or does not blockchain for both enterprises. Additionally， further expanding the study to investigate the existence of network externality and the single wholesale/agent model， it is found that the impact of network externality on the blockchain provision strategy of platform firms is not significant， while the blockchain provision strategy of platform firms under the single wholesale/agent model is significantly different from the hybrid sales model. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Population Aging and Economic Growth in China: An Empirical Study Based on GaR Model Linhai Zhao, Xiaohang Gan Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (12): 57-70.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.0004 Abstract （755）   HTML （20）    PDF（pc） （2232KB）（386）       Knowledge map    Save With the deepening of population aging in China， how to cope with the impact of aging on economic growth and tap the potential of economic growth has become one of the important issues for China’s high-quality economic development. The driving factors of economic growth are analyzed through the MRW model （the total output function is Y=K^{\alpha }{H}^{\beta }{(AL)}^{\mathrm{1}-\alpha -\beta }， where Y is total output， K and H are physical capital and human capital respectively， L is labor force， A is technical level， and αand β are output elasticities）. Then， using the GaR model combined with quantile regression， and based on China’s time-series data from 1990 to 2023， the impact of population aging on economic growth and the regulatory role of related variables is examined. The research results show that aging is significantly negatively correlated with economic growth in a large range of quantiles； physical capital investment， human capital investment， and technical level have regulatory effects on this negative inhibitory effect in a large range of quantiles. The deficiency of traditional mean regression is made up for in the research on tail risks of economic growth， a new perspective is provided for understanding the relationship between population aging and economic growth， and the conclusions and policy recommendations have certain reference value for related academic research and the formulation of economic policies to cope with aging. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on Value-Based Healthcare Payment Mechanisms Considering Self-Health Management of Chronic Disease Patients Yixin Liang, Xuejie Ren, lindu Zhao Chinese Journal of Management Science    2025, 33 (10): 98-111.   DOI: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0017 Abstract （753）   HTML （5）    PDF（pc） （1966KB）（233）       Knowledge map    Save Guided by the “Healthy China” strategy， establishing a healthcare payment framework based on health value holds paramount significance for fostering collaboration between healthcare providers and patients， thereby comprehensively enhancing the quality of healthcare services. It focuses on the chronic disease management process in this article where patients play a dual role as both “patients” and “healthcare provider's assistants.” It thoroughly explores the impact of three existing healthcare service payment mechanisms—fixed medical payment， service-based payment， and value-based payment—on self-health management decisions and patient-healthcare provider collaboration considering the dynamics of health value. The research findings indicate that while value-based payment aims to guide patient-healthcare provider collaboration and enhance health value， it suppresses the level of patient self-health management efforts. Due to the inability to effectively incentivize healthcare service providers， the fixed payment mechanism leads to the lowest utility in the chronic disease management system. The service-based payment mechanism can coordinate patient and healthcare provider and achieve optimal health value and system utility. The management insight of this article is that in service supply chains considering consumer coordinatively create dynamic value， administrators should be cautious about value-based payment mechanisms to prevent disincentives for collaboration. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）