Abstract: With the rapid development of E-commerce, more and more manufacturers sell their products directly through online channels. Moreover, online channels have also great advantages in collecting used products. Many manufacturers have begun to collect used products online and remanufacture the returned products, which not only saves resources, but also improves enterprises’ social image. In this context, many manufacturers carry out online sales and collection, then remanufacture and resale the returned products, thus forming a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC). While the online sales/collection provides convenience to consumers, its offline service quality and efficiency have also become the key to its success. Therefore, more and more manufacturers choose to cooperate with professional offline service providers who offer consumers services such as product experience, distribution, return and maintenance, thereby forming a cooperative relationship between manufacturers' online sales/collection and service providers’ offline services.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain; online sales/collection; offline services; pricing; service level; revenue sharing