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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 356-368.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1807cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1807

• • 上一篇    

中国资本市场交易税优化研究

熊熊1,2, 周融天1(), 王一博1, 林兟1,2   

  1. 1.天津大学管理与经济学部,天津 300072
    2.天津大学复杂管理系统实验室,天津 300072
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-08 修回日期:2024-11-14 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 周融天 E-mail:zhourongtian3315@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72141304);科技部重点研发项目(2022YFC3303304)

Research on the Optimization of Transaction Tax in China’s Capital Market: Based on the Perspective of Artificial Stock Market

Xiong Xiong1,2, Rongtian Zhou1(), Yibo Wang1, Shen Lin1,2   

  1. 1.College of Management and Economics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
    2.Laboratory of Computation and Analytics of Complex Management Systems (CACMS),Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China
  • Received:2024-10-08 Revised:2024-11-14 Online:2025-01-25 Published:2025-02-14
  • Contact: Rongtian Zhou E-mail:zhourongtian3315@163.com

摘要:

本文旨在研究A股市场交易税的优化方案,探讨在印花税税率降低的基础上,是否以及如何对资本利得进行课税,以期提升市场活跃度并保障税收收入。为此,本文构建了一个模拟A股市场微观结构和交易行为特征的人工股票市场,并开展了交易税优化实验,对比了三种方案:最近一次调降前的0.1%固定印花税、目前实行的印花税减半政策,以及在印花税减半基础上实施按持仓时长划分的累进式差异化资本利得税。研究结果表明,与前两种方案相比,第三种方案能够有效提升市场成交量,同时不会降低市场税收总额。因此,为兼顾市场活跃性和税收收入,本文建议在A股市场开展征收资本利得税,并进一步降低或免征印花税率的试点工作。

关键词: 资本利得税, 印花税, 人工股票市场

Abstract:

The taxation in the securities market is an important source of fiscal revenue in China. In recent years, the market has continued to be sluggish, and the stamp duty has been reduced repeatedly. Although this can boost market confidence in the short term, it has a significant impact on the total tax revenue. Therefore, whether to reform the transaction tax, how to tax capital gains on the basis of the current reduction in stamp duty, and what market impact the tax reform will have are important issues that the regulatory authorities are concerned about.In this context, an experimental study is conducted on the optimization of transaction taxes by constructing an artificial stock market with the microstructure and trading behavior characteristics of the A-share market. The specific experimental scenarios are as follows:(1)Uniform stamp duty rate experiment. This experiment replicates the current real-market situation of a fixed stamp duty rate and serves as the baseline experiment for the study. Only when this baseline model accurately represents the main features of the stock market, can the subsequent experiments have some persuasiveness.(2)Differential stamp duty rate experiment. In this experiment, the stamp duty rate is adjusted from a uniform mode to a differentiated mode based on the holding period to explore the impact of stamp duty rate adjustments on investor trading and market tax revenue. The stamp duty rate is set as a progressive differential mode based on the holding period, making the trading cost lower for investors with longer holding periods, encouraging long-term investment, and discouraging short-term speculative trading.(3)Capital gains tax and reduced stamp duty experiment. Building on the differentiated stamp duty, this experiment further reduces the stamp duty rate and introduces capital gains tax to explore the impact of a progressive stamp duty reduction and the introduction of capital gains tax on investor trading and market tax revenue. Lowering the stamp duty rate will further reduce trading costs, promoting market activity. The progressive capital gains tax is designed to stabilize the financial market and encourage long-term value investments while maintaining overall market tax balance.(4)Increased capital gains tax and exemption from stamp duty experiment. Building on the previous experiment of capital gains tax and reduced stamp duty, this experiment further exempts stamp duty and raises the capital gains tax rate to explore the impact of exempting stamp duty and increasing capital gains tax on investor trading and market tax revenue. Exempting stamp duty will further reduce trading costs and increase market activity. The progressive increase in capital gains tax ensures overall market tax balance.The research findings show that compared to the previous uniform 0.1% fixed stamp duty rate, implementing the current halved stamp duty rate along with a progressive and differentiated capital gains tax based on holding periods will effectively increase market trading volume without affecting the total tax revenue. From the perspective of balancing market activity and tax revenue, this article suggests considering a pilot program in the A-share market to levy capital gains tax while further reducing or exempting stamp duty.

Key words: capital gains tax, stamp duty rate, artificial stock market

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