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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 235-246.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1868

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基于火灾演化规律的建筑消防应急资源供应决策研究

王熹徽, 刘叶, 邵建芳()   

  1. 中国科学技术大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-06 修回日期:2024-01-14 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2025-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 邵建芳 E-mail:jfshao0702@ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72204241)

Research on Decision-making of Emergency Resource Supply for Building Firefighting Based on Fire Spread Mechanisms

Xihui Wang, Ye Liu, Jianfang Shao()   

  1. School of Management,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China
  • Received:2023-11-06 Revised:2024-01-14 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2025-02-10
  • Contact: Jianfang Shao E-mail:jfshao0702@ustc.edu.cn

摘要:

随着城市建设的快速发展,建筑火灾造成的财产损失与人员伤亡迅速增长,城市安全管理对消防应急资源供应的科学决策提出更高要求。本文刻画建筑火灾的火势蔓延趋势及灭火抑制函数,得到建筑火灾演化曲线。在此基础上,对火灾生命财产损失和灭火救援的消防运作成本进行定量分析和计算,以此解决建筑消防应急资源供应决策问题。本文构建以生命财产损失和消防运作成本总和最小为目标的混合整数非线性规划模型,进而以最佳灭火剂供应强度为决策核心,得到灭火剂、消防车、消防员等消防应急资源的最优供应方案。最后,以真实火灾事故为例验证模型的可行性,并对消防响应时间、灭火抑制系数等参数进行敏感性分析。研究表明,通过本文模型得到的消防应急资源供应方案可有效提高消防应急资源的利用效率,减少灭火所需时间,减少火灾生命财产损失。研究结论可为建筑火灾火势情况分析及消防应急资源供应决策提供科学参考。

关键词: 消防应急资源供应, 建筑火灾, 火灾演化规律, 火灾损失评估

Abstract:

With the rapid development of city construction, property loss and casualties caused by burning buildings have been increasing fast. As a result, scientific decision-making of emergency resource supply is required to guarantee the safety of a city. The spread trend and suppression function of building fires are portrayed, attaining the fire spread curve. On this basis, a quantitative analysis and calculation of fire-related casualties, property loss and costs of firefighting are given. This may hopefully provide practical solutions to emergency resource supply. A mixed-integer nonlinear planning model is constructed to achieve the minimum of overall loss plus costs of firefighting. This led to an optimal supply scheme of firefighting emergency resources such as extinguishers, fire trucks and firefighters. Finally, in reference to real fire accidents, the feasibility of the model is verified. At the same time, a sensitivity analysis is performed upon such parameters as related to fire response time and fire suppression coefficient. Researches have shown that emergency resource supply scheme of firefighting based upon this paper’s model may effectively improve the utilization efficiency, reduce the time required for fire extinguishing, and reduce property loss and casualties. The scientific reference is provided for analysis upon fire spread mechanisms and emergency resource supply in this study.

Key words: firefighting resource supply, building fire, fire spread mechanisms, fire loss evaluation

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