科技战略供应链的基本特征与关键科学问题

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

The manufacturing of advanced， complex products， such as atomic bombs and artificial satellites， as well as highly integrated technological projects like lunar landings and rocket recovery， constitutes a highly complex， systemic process. In order to support the disruptive innovation and development of such system engineering as high-end complex product manufacturing， the basic concept of technology strategic supply chain is proposed.A thorough examination of the formation and development of this supply chain can address key scientific questions， such as how high-end complex products are created and evolve， the underlying drivers of this process， and the fundamental principles governing them， thereby facilitating the original creation and innovative development of these products. The complex systemic processes involved in the manufacturing of high-end complex products is first reviewed. Then， the concept of the technology strategic supply chain is defined based on the supply-demand relationship among science， technology， engineering， and industry. Based on an analysis of the typical characteristics of the evolution of technology strategic supply chains， the following four major scientific issues about technology strategic supply chains are explored： the formation mechanism and dynamic evolution， factor space and collaborative optimization， resilience design and risk management， and operational mechanisms and efficiency enhancement. Finally， strategic insights is offered for constructing technology strategic supply chains， focusing on innovation talent， innovation ecosystems， cutting-edge technologies， leading enterprises， and management mechanisms， with the goal of advancing China’s technology strategic supply chain and contributing to the high-quality development of China’s science， technology， and economy.

Key words: technology strategic supply chain, high-end complex products, systems engineering methodology, supply chain management theory

CLC Number:

C931

Shanlin Yang, Xiaojian Li, Hangjie Mo, Qiang Zhang, Xiaoan Tang. The Basic Characteristics and Key Scientific Problems of Technology Strategic Supply Chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(1): 1-13.

Figures/Tables 5

典型企业产品

科技战略供应链形成和发展历程

科学问题启示

苹果

公司

苹果公司的形成机理和演化规律是需求洞察驱动，然后构思方案，再通过技术采纳和技术创新，从而创造出第一代产品，再继续通过技术采纳和创新，对产品进行迭代升级，从而推动智能手机的发展

在科技战略供应链的发展过程中，苹果公司通过收购公司，来吸纳所需要的资源要素、技术要素和人才要素，以此在公司内部建立紧密的协同研发机制，加速要素间的协同从而推动新技术的研发与转化

从苹果公司6年收购100家企业可以看出，该企业应对供应链韧性问题是通过潜在技术的饱和供给来提供的，通过早期介入在技术尚未成熟的时候进行收购，降低成本，而后以收购量的提升和自身研发经验的指导应对科技战略供应链中的转化风险

苹果公司在新理论新技术的熟化转化上已经构筑了独属于自身的生态体系，通过与其供应商共享经验、技术、资源，以自身产品需求引导供应商技术创新，在加快技术创新速率的同时让创新更具目的性，从而提升苹果科技战略供应链的运作效率

科技战略供应链的形成机理与演化规律表现为在需求或理想驱动下，企业通过技术采纳和持续创新，满足市场需求并推动技术进步。这种供应链的演化不仅依赖传统的资源整合，还得益于AIGC等先进技术的快速发展，为企业在产品研发创新中注入了新动能

科技战略供应链的要素空间与协同优化体现在通过资源、技术和人力的战略协同加速各要素的协作效率。借助人工智能^[25]等新一代信息技术，企业能够实现多维协同优化，精准分析海量数据，以生成优化方案，从而提升制造流程与资源配置的效率和稳定性

科技战略供应链的韧性设计与风险管控强调通过技术储备、早期介入和分步投资来应对潜在风险。智能制造技术带来的数据驱动方法使企业能够从经验型决策向预测型转变，通过分析生产、库存和物流数据来预测市场风险并建设高效、灵活的运营体系

科技战略供应链的运行机制与效率提升则侧重于资源共享和建立协同研发平台，以加快创新速度和技术转化效率。AIGC不仅为企业提供新的技术工具，还为高端复杂产品智能制造提供了指导性的方法，推动制造过程从被动式向主动式转变

OpenAI

OpenAI的AGI是理想驱动的，他们通过科学、技术方面的初步探索，发现了大模型涌现的规律后，开始有目的的积聚资源，合理分工，推动AIGC典型产品的研发，从而产生了ChatGPT、GPT-4、GPT-4 Turbo等产品

微软和OpenAI之间的协同优化则主要体现在有计划的战略分工上，在初步确定大模型的实际应用在算法、算力、云服务等方面存在刚性需求后，就通过投资和战略协议的签订有计划的整合相关资源，形成利益同盟，从而提高各要素的协同效率

微软2019年初步注资OpenAI后进行战略转型，2023年二次注资后推出Copilot。一方面，通过分批注资降低对OpenAI的投资风险，另一方面，注资规模与微软核心业务对OpenAI的依赖程度成正比，也保障了微软对关键技术的控制能力

微软在确立和OpenAI的合作关系后，调集算力、云平台与底层操纵系统技术人员构建超算中心，为OpenAI的算法研发提供支撑。OpenAI也在GPT-4的论文中提到基础设施对算法开发起到了重要的支撑作用，加速了AGI的诞生

光刻机

光刻机的萌芽是现实需求驱动的，在大量原创性科学研究成果的基础上，不断提出新要求，采用新思路，集成新技术，使得光刻机从汞灯光源不断发展到DUV、EUV激光光源，其制程工艺节点也逐步从亚微米级推进至纳米级

科技战略供应链要素协同能力是高新技术企业的战略核心竞争力。ASML的成功往往就归结于科学、技术、工程、合作伙伴与管理实践的高度融合，其核心就是科技战略供应链要素空间中的协同能力

科技战略供应链的风险是必须考量的问题。1981年至1992年，学术界对1-10nm波长的软X射线成像系统的进行研发，但11年研究的结果表明软X射线成像系统的像场和波前误差不如预期，软X射线技术方案作废

光刻机发展过程中，通过量子力学的理论计算快速筛选出锡、锂、氙三种靶材元素，节约了10余年的实验测试时间和海量的实验成本。可见研究人员专业的合理配置可以极大提升研发效率，减少走弯路的可能性

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The Basic Characteristics and Key Scientific Problems of Technology Strategic Supply Chain

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