基于EOQ模型的非瞬时变质食品提前支付订货策略研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.0729

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于小微食品企业难以从金融机构获得合理贷款的现实背景，本研究将食品供应商至食品零售商，食品零售商至购买者纳入二级贸易信贷体系，并在折扣因子内生及外生共存背景下探究非瞬时变质食品的提前支付订货策略。研究结果表明，非瞬时变质设定下的企业策略往往优于忽略非变质时长得出的企业决策；内生决定的提前支付折扣因子可使得企业更好地利用外界条件，制定市场分割价格，提高供应链决策效率；较高的食品变质率将降低零售商进货量，提高其折扣力度，信贷周期及资本成本均对零售商决策产生重大影响，随供应商所提供信贷周期的延长及其所要求利息费用的降低，食品零售商整体倾向于增加进货量以获取更多贸易信贷来源，而此时主营业务收益占比显著下降，资本收益占比提高。由此，食品零售企业应根据外在信贷条件变化及时调整信贷策略以丰富自身收益来源。

关键词: 非瞬时变质；食品供应链；提前支付

Abstract: Given the characteristics of low efficiency and serious waste in the development of food industry, it has become the focus of national green supply chain construction. Due to the small scale of most food enterprises, it is hard to seek external financing. Internal financing in the supply chain becomes an important way to improve efficiency and reduce the waste caused by the mismatch between supply and demand in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain. Based on the above, the supplier, retailer food enterprises and consumers are brought into the secondary trade credit system. For the method, the adjusted EOQ model is adopted to describe the above practical problems. Through the calculation of analytical solution and the numerical analysis of M enterprise in Jianghua County, the results show that food retailers do not bear the cost of non-instantaneous deterioration due to the existence of non-instantaneous deterioration time, so the strategy is usually better than the enterprise decision without considering the non-deterioration time. The discount factor of endogenous decision can make enterprises make better use of external conditions, set market segmentation price, improve the efficiency of supply chain decision-making, and the credit cycle and capital cost have a significant impact on retailers’ decision-making. In view of the low operational efficiency of the food supply chain, the classical EOQ model is adopted, and the endogenous and exogenous discount factor is brought into the advance payment strategy framework. Furthermore, the influence of the above two discount factors on the retailers’ decision of instant and non-instantaneous deteriorating food enterprises is compared, which to some extent enriches and perfects the classical EOQ research framework. In addition, some policy suggestions are provided for the construction and upgrading of China’s food supply chain, and certain theoretical and practical significance is proposed.

Key words: non-instantaneous deteriorating product; food supply chain; advance payment

中图分类号:

F275

李业梅, 黄少安. 基于EOQ模型的非瞬时变质食品提前支付订货策略研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(2): 150-161.

LI Ye-mei, HUANG Shao-an. Advance Payment Strategy of Non-instantaneous Food Based on EOQ Model[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2023, 31(2): 150-161.

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