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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 208-221.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1188cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1188

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虚拟电厂情境下电力市场交易平台定价策略研究

孔令丞1(), 谢吉青2, 朱振宁3, 邹文1   

  1. 1.华东理工大学商学院,上海 200237
    2.上海财经大学商学院,上海 200433
    3.浙江工业大学经济学院,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-30 修回日期:2022-08-29 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: 孔令丞 E-mail:kong7137@ecust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073044);教育部人文社会科学规划项目(11YJA790068);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72003176)

Research on Pricing Strategy of Electricity Market Trading Platform under Virtual Power Plant Scenario

Lingcheng Kong1(), Jiqing Xie2, Zhenning Zhu3, Wen Zou1   

  1. 1.Business School,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China
    2.School of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China
    3.School of Economics,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China
  • Received:2022-05-30 Revised:2022-08-29 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-04
  • Contact: Lingcheng Kong E-mail:kong7137@ecust.edu.cn

摘要:

虚拟电厂对于电力市场需求侧响应、分布式能源电力并网消纳具有重要作用,也是清洁能源利用及“双碳”目标实现的重要途径,但如何定价仍是一大难题。本文基于双边市场理论,综合考虑虚拟电厂平台双边用户的价格弹性异质性、网络外部性、平台服务水平、用户归属行为及平台成本等因素,分别构建了垄断和竞争市场结构下不同收费模式的定价模型,并进行数值模拟分析。研究发现:(1)平台垄断下,相较于单一的注册费制和交易费制,高服务水平下的两部制收费更为有利;而竞争市场下供需用户单归属定价可以使虚拟电厂获利更高。(2)垄断情形下,三种收费模式的最优定价都与供需用户的价格弹性有关,且若注册费大于获客成本,那么两部制收费时定价则低于单一交易费情形。(3)竞争市场下,相较于单归属的电力需求用户,平台对多归属的电力供给用户定价更低,且随着电力供需两侧交叉网络外部性的增强,平台对需求用户的定价都是提升的,但对供给用户的定价则不同。同时,供给用户的强交叉网络外部性还会进一步扩大平台的定价优势,而需求用户的强交叉网络外部性则会减小平台倾斜定价对其带来的劣势。(4)对于供需两端不同强度的交叉网络外部性,随着平台服务水平的提升,虚拟电厂平台的利润先增后减,存在极大值。

关键词: 虚拟电厂, 双边市场, 平台定价, 收费模式, 价格弹性

Abstract:

The development of a virtual power plant is vital for the demand response of power market and the accommodation integration of distributed energy into the power grid. It is also one of the critical approaches to using clean energy and achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, present power market pricing remains a crucial issue, particularly the green power-participated pricing problem in the power market. Several factors of bilateral users are considered in a virtual power platform based on the two-sided market theory: heterogeneity of demand price elasticity, the externality of the platform network, platform service quality, user behavior, and platform cost, etc., and the pricing model of virtual power plant platform with different charging modes under monopolistic and competitive market structures are constructed, and then the numerical simulation is performed. The following are the outcomes: (1) Compared with the single registration fee system and transaction fee system under the market structure of platform monopoly, the two-part fee system with a high service level is a more favorable model for the long-term development of virtual power plants. Compared with the platform monopoly, the single ownership pricing of supply and demand users in the competitive market can make the virtual power plant more profitable. (2) In the case of a platform monopoly, the platform pricing under the three charging modes is related to the demand price elasticity of supply and demand users. And it is suppose the registration fee is greater than the marginal customer acquisition cost. In that case, the pricing under the two-part system is lower than the pricing under the transaction fee only. (3) Under the market structured of platform competition, the platform pricing for multi-homing power supply users is lower than for single-homing power demand users. With the enhancement of the cross-network externality on both sides of the power supply and demand, the platform's pricing for the demand users is increased. Still, the pricing for the supply users is different. And the strong cross-network externalities of the multi-homing power supply users will further expand the platform's pricing advantage. In contrast, the strong cross-network externalities of the demand users will reduce the disadvantage brought about by the platform's biased pricing. (4) For cross-network externalities with different intensities at both ends of supply and demand, with the improvement of platform service level, the profit of the virtual power plant platform increases first and then decreases, with a maximum value.

Key words: virtual power plant, bilateral market, platform pricing, charging mode, price elasticity

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