额外资源按需分配方法研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2019.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文献Wei Quanling等^[1]的最后一段提出了这样一类额外资源分配问题：假设有一些额外的投入资源将要分配给全部或者部分决策单元，如果我们希望分配结果对于整个系统（该系统由全部决策单元组成）来说是最有益的，那么应当如何分配这些额外的投入资源?他们同时还指出系统中哪些决策单元能够获得额外的投入资源，这不仅取决于决策单元的效率，还需要考虑规模报酬。针对此类问题，本文提出一种额外资源按需分配方法：首先，综合决策单元的技术效率与其投影点的规模弹性构建发展曲线，并由决策单元的发展曲线获知其投入变动与产出变动的对应关系；然后，把额外资源分成若干等份，依次分配每一个等份的额外资源，每次分配使系统的总产出增加实现最大，直至分配完全部的额外资源，或者分配某一份额外资源不再带来任何的产出增加，分配就会停止；最后，把决策单元在每一次分配过程中获得的额外资源进行累加，得到这个决策单元最终的分配结果。全文的最后分别在"一个投入一个产出"和"两个投入一个产出"情况下给出两个具体的分配算例。分配结果表明，这种按需分配方法不会缩减任意一个决策单元当前占有的投入资源数量，并且还可以有效地在辨识出某种额外资源在规模上和结构上存在的冗余，从而有效地避免不必要的分配。

关键词: 资源分配, 任务分摊, 数据包络分析(DEA), 弹性, 规模收益

Abstract: The last paragraph of literature Wei Quanling et al. ^[1] raises an extra resource allocation problem:suppose there are some extra resources which can be given to all or only a part of DMUs, and if we want the allocation to be most beneficial to the whole system, how should the extra resources be distributed. They also point out that the extra resource allocation problem and the selection of DUMs should depend on not only DMUs' efficiency, but also the returns to scale. An on-demand allocation method is proposed to deal with such problem.Firstly, on the basis of technical efficiency and scale elasticity,DMUs'development curves are established. Development curves are used to reveal the corresponding relationships between input change and output change. Secondly, extra resources are divided into several equal parts, and the allocation goal of each part is to achieve the maximum output increase.The allocation will stop once all extra resources are allocated or a part of extra resources does not result in any output increase. Finally, the extra resources obtained by DMU in each allocation process are accumulated to obtain the final allocation results.At the end of this paper, two examples are given to illustrate our method, in the case of ‘one input and one output’ and ‘two inputs, one output’ respectively.The allocation results show that the method proposed in this paper do not reduce the amount of input resources currently occupied by any DMU. Moreover, it can identify the redundancy of extra resources in scale or in structure, so as to timely avoid unnecessary distribution.

Key words: resource allocation, task allocation, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), elasticity, Return To Scale (RTS)

中图分类号:

C931

王恰. 额外资源按需分配方法研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2019, 27(6): 206-216.

WANG Qia. On-Demand Extra Resource Allocation[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2019, 27(6): 206-216.

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