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中国管理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.01.001

• 论文 •    下一篇

基于合作博弈模型的公共河流水资源分配方案研究

王先甲1,2, 刘佳1   

  1. 1. 武汉大学经济与管理学院, 湖北 武汉 430072;
    2. 武汉大学系统工程研究所, 湖北 武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-24 修回日期:2018-10-12 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-19
  • 通讯作者: 刘佳(1987-),男(汉族),湖北孝感人,武汉大学经济与管理学院,博士后,博士,研究方向:博弈论、优化理论,E-mail:liujia.06@163.com. E-mail:liujia.06@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(71871171)

A Cooperative Game Model for International Water Sharing Problems

WANG Xian-jia1,2, LIU Jia1   

  1. 1. School of Economics and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2. Institute of Systems Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received:2018-01-24 Revised:2018-10-12 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-01-19

摘要: 水资源的稀缺性使得公共河流的水资源分配问题中存在着各种冲突与矛盾。为了确定公共河流流经的各用水主体之间分配水资源的合理方案,本文建立具有外部性的合作博弈模型来分析公共河流流经的各用水主体之间在竞争与合作并存情况下的水资源分配问题。使用动态博弈的方法来确定联盟之间通过竞争产生的均衡水资源分配量,然后在各联盟之内通过Nash协商的方式来分配联盟的均衡水资源分配量,比较各种方案下用水主体产生的总效用,进而得到公共河流用水主体之间竞争与合作并存时的最优水资源分配方案和各用水主体之间形成联盟的具体形式。研究表明:受到外部性环境的影响,公共河流用水主体之间部分合作可能比完全合作产生更大的总效用,合作与竞争并存时的最优分配方案优于完全合作时的最优分配方案。

关键词: 水资源分配, 博弈论, 外部性, 合作博弈, Stackelberg模型, Nash协商模型

Abstract: The scarcity of water resources leads to all kinds of conflicts and contradictions in international water sharing problems. Traditional gametheory models cannot be used to solve such problems when consideringthe effect of the flow of the river and the formation of coalitions between the players. In order to find a reasonable allocation scheme among all stakeholders for such problems, a cooperative game model is proposed and international water sharing problems are analyzed in which various stakeholders compete and cooperate with each other. In this paper, a dynamic bargaining model is used to find the worth of all coalitions. Then, by using the Nash bargaining method, the gains of players in each coalition are found. Finally, by comparing the total utility of all stakeholders under various schemes, the reasonable allocation for international water sharing problems can be found. Our research shows that:Influenced by the environment with externalities, partial cooperation among all stakeholders may be more effective than full cooperationscheme, and the optimal allocation in copetition scheme may be better than the optimal allocation in full cooperation scheme. When studying the problem of water resource allocation in flowing basins, the basic model and the solution of this paper can provide a reasonable distribution scheme when considering that coalitions can be formed between players and the worth of coalition have externalities.

Key words: international water allocation, game theory, externalities, cooperative game, Stackelberg model, Nash bargaining model

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