考虑电动汽车销售目标的最优充电站数量与政府补贴决策研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0151

Abstract

Abstract:

Promoting the use of electric vehicles is the main way to achieve the “dual carbon” goal of the automotive industry， but inconvenient charging is the main factor hindering consumers from purchasing electric vehicles. Considering the impact of the number of Charging station on the demand for electric vehicles， and taking the target market share of electric vehicles as a constraint， the charging station builders are divided into two categories - the government and the third party. At the same time， two types of government subsidies - electric vehicle purchase subsidies and charging station construction subsidies are added. Using the Stackelberg game model， the optimal number of charging stations constructed by different charging station construction entities and the price of electric vehicles for vehicle enterprises are given. Then compare the impact of different government subsidies on the number of charging station construction and electric vehicle sales. Finally， based on practical numerical simulations， relevant suggestions for electric vehicle sales， charging station construction， and government subsidies were provided. The research shows that the number of Charging station built by the government and the third party is closely related to the sales target of electric vehicles and consumers' sensitivity to the number of Charging station. In the early stages of electric vehicle sales， the government should simultaneously build charging stations and implement subsidies； With the increase in sales of electric vehicles， the government can stop providing consumer subsidies but continue to participate in the construction and subsidy of charging stations， further withdraw from charging station subsidies， and ultimately completely withdraw from charging station construction.

Key words: adoption targets, the number of the charging stations, charging station subsidies, consumer subsidies, electric vehicles price

CLC Number:

F224

Linghong Zhang,Yuwei Xia,Lilong Zhu. The Optimal Number of the Charging Station and Government Subsidies Considering the Electric Vehicle's Adoption Target[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(4): 343-357.

Figures/Tables 18

参数	描述	参数	描述
$a$	市场容量	$k$	充电站建设成本系数
$θ$	电动汽车需求对充电站数量的敏感度	$h$	单位电动汽车的充电需求
$γ$	第三方建设的充电站充电量的需求占比( $0 ≤ γ ≤ 1$ )	$b$	电动汽车需求对电动汽车价格的敏感度
$τ$	电动汽车销售目标	$p e$	充电价格(元/度)
$D i$	情形 $i$ 中的电动汽车需求	$D e i$	情形 $i$ 中的充电总需求
决策变量
$p i$	情形 $i$ 中单位电动汽车价格	$s i$	情形 $i$ 中单位电动汽车消费补贴
$n g i$	情形 $i$ 中政府建设的充电站数量	$F i$	情形 $i$ 中单位充电站建设补贴
$n t i$	情形 $i$ 中第三方建设的充电站数量

$τ$ 比较	最优解比较	车企利润 $Π f$	第三方利润 $Π t$	政府成本 $Π g$
$τ 0 < τ < τ F$	$p 1 * > p 2 * > p 3 $ $n t 1 = n t 3 * < n t 2 $ $n g 1 = n g 2 * > n g 3 $ $s 1 = s 2 $ $F 2 > F 3 *$	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 1$ 时， $Π f 1 < Π f 2 < Π f 3$ ；当 $T 1 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π f 3 < Π f 1 < Π f 2$ 。	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 2$ 时， $Π t 1 < Π t 2 < Π t 3$ ；当 $T 2 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π t 1 < Π t 3 < Π t 2$ 。	$Π g 3 < Π g 1 < Π g 2$
$τ F < τ < τ s$	$p 1 * = p 3 * > p 2 $ $n t 1 < n t 3 * < n t 2 $ $n g 1 = n g 2 * > n g 3 $ $s 1 = s 2 $ $F 2 > F 3 *$	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 3$ 时， $Π f 1 < Π f 2 < Π f 3$ ；当 $T 3 < θ 2 < T 4$ 时， $Π f 1 < Π f 3 < Π f 2$ ；当 $T 4 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π f 3 < Π f 1 < Π f 2$ 。	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 3$ 时， $Π t 1 < Π t 2 < Π t 3$ ；当 $T 3 < θ 2 < T 5$ 时， $Π t 1 < Π t 3 < Π t 2$ 。当 $T 5 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π t 3 < Π t 1 < Π t 2$ 。	$Π g 3 < Π g 1 < Π g 2$
$τ s < τ < τ 1 s F$	$p 3 * = p 2 * < p 1 $ $n t 1 < n t 3 * < n t 2 $ $n g 1 = n g 2 * > n g 3 $ $s 1 > s 2 $ $F 2 > F 3 *$	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 3$ 时， $Π f 1 = Π f 3 < Π f 2$ ；当 $T 3 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π f 1 = Π f 3 > Π f 2$ 。	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 6$ 时， $Π t 1 < Π t 2 < Π t 3$ ；当 $T 6 < θ 2 < T 3$ 时， $Π t 3 < Π t 1 < Π t 2$ 。	当 $0 < θ 2 < T 7$ 时， $Π g 1 < Π g 3 < Π g 2$ ；当 $T 7 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ 时， $Π g 3 < Π g 2 < Π g 1$ 。
$τ > τ 1 s F$	$p 1 * = p 2 * = p 3 $ $n t 1 < n t 2 * < n t 3 $ $n g 1 = n g 2 * < n g 3 $ $s 1 > s 2 $ $F 2 < F 3 *$	$Π f 1 = Π f 2 = Π f 3$ (此时， $0 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ )	$Π t 3 > Π t 2 > Π t 1$ (此时， $0 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ )	$Π g 2 < Π g 1 < Π g 3$ (此时， $0 < θ 2 < 8 b k$ )

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The Optimal Number of the Charging Station and Government Subsidies Considering the Electric Vehicle's Adoption Target

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