基于大老板博弈的国际贸易物流区块链网络共识研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0312

Abstract

Abstract:

Trust building is a key element in the international trade digitized process. As an emerging distributed ledger technology， blockchain has become the bond of establishing trust mechanism in the process of international trade digitization. Consensus mechanism which is the key engine of the blockchain technology plays a decisive role in trust building. In order to better apply blockchain technology to the international trade logistics， based on analysis the international trade logistics business， the blockchain consensus of the critical business where the regulator is a direct business participant is studied.The international trade logistics business is first analyzed from a consensus perspective. And the feature of the critical business is explained， that is， there is a key decision maker which is mostly the central authority obtaining the common trust of many business main bodies in practice. To further illustrate the business operation way under the blockchain system， from the point of consensus， the correspondence between the business operation in reality and the business operation blockchain-based is researched.To embody the importance and the decision-making power of the supervisor in the critical business， the participation of regulators is set as the essential condition to reach the effective consensus. Meanwhile， the consensus process and rule are elaborated. Firstly， the blockchain consensus is treated as a cooperative game process， and the blockchain consensus model is built by using the big boss game. More specifically， the meaning of consensus for the monotonicity， the veto power， and the average boundary payment decreasing of the big boss game is first shown. Then， considering the consensus resource input and the consensus vote of the consensus nodes， the big boss game consensus model is built. Thirdly， the constraint condition and its proof that guarantee the consensus model to conform to the big boss game is also given. Furthermore， the principle for deciding the final consensus alliance and the benefit way of the consensus nodes under this model is stated. And the $τ$ value is used to the solution of the consensus model， and its blockchain consensus meaning is also analyzed. Finally， the effectiveness of the model is verified by the numerical analysis.The research results show that　（1） The enthusiasm of the nodes for consensus voting can be motivated by the big boss game consensus model， and thus can better maintain the system operation. （2） More effective consensus and faster transaction processing speed can be created under the consensus model. （3） For the critical business where the regulator is a direct business participant， setting the consensus role which the participation of regulator as the essential condition to reach the effective consensus is consistent with the actual business rule. Simultaneously， the credibility and security of consensus process and result are enhanced. In short， the application of blockchain technology in international trade logistics can be inspired by this study， and the realization of a regulatory friendly blockchain system is also guided.

Key words: digital economy, international trade logistics, consensus mechanism, big boss game, blockchain technology

CLC Number:

C931

Xiaoli Du,Dengfeng Li. Research on Blockchain Network Consensus of International Trade Logistics Based on Big Boss Game[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(4): 120-129.

Figures/Tables 4

变量	含义
$d i$	节点 $i (i = 1,2, ?, n)$ 所具有的共识资源
$R$	节点完成共识投票后，可获得的系统发放的固定奖励
$θ$	由区块链用户确定的每单位交易的平均交易费
$b$	一个区块里包含的交易量大小
$c p$	节点参与共识投票时，每单位共识资源消耗的平均电力成本
$c q$	节点参与共识投票时，每单位共识资源消耗的平均通信成本
$λ$	延迟因子
$γ$	服从泊松分布的参数
$e - λ γ b$	模拟共识验证过程
$s$	$s = S$ 表示联盟 $S$ 的节点个数
$σ (0 < σ < 1)$	系统的数据安全系数
$s σ$	所形成的共识组合下数据的安全性

$τ i (v)$ 局势	$τ 1 (v)$	$τ 2 (v)$	$τ 3 (v)$	$τ 4 (v)$	$τ 5 (v)$
$S 1$	4.06	1.41	1.21	1.02	0.83
$S 1 f r$	4.16	1.36	1.17	0.98	0
$S 1 s d$	4.00	1.34	1.15	0	0.77
$S 1 t r$	3.82	1.31	0	0.93	0.74
$S 1 f o$	3.66	0	1.1	0.91	0.72

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业务名称	涉及主体	达成共识条件	达成共识形式	主体重要性分布
货运代理业务	货主、货运代理企业	就各自的义务与权限、费用等协商一致	签订货运代理协议	各主体同等重要
运输业务	货运代理企业、船公司	就运输方式、价格、时间、路线、赔偿条款等协商一致	海运合同、订舱单	各主体同等重要
仓储业务	仓储运营商、运输商	就仓储方式、价格、时间等协商一致	仓储合同或仓储三方协议	各主体同等重要
报关业务	报关行、海关	海关审核结果	海关放行单	海关具有一票否决权
检验检疫业务	海关、报关行	海关审核结果	检验检疫证明	海关具有一票否决权
配送业务	物流运营商、收货人	配送方式、时间、价格等协商一致	配送合同或协议	各主体同等重要

共识因素	区块链共识	实际业务达成
共识对象	节点检验与token有关的信息是否符合预先定义的算法规则。如，比特币节点会检验随机数( nonce)是SHA256数学难题的解，以及区块中的交易在数据结构、语法规范性、输入输出和数字签名等方面符合预先定义的标准。但对比特币创世区块中的“The Times 03 /Jan /2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks”，节点不会也没有能力验证这句话的真实准确性	主体就合同、协议、单证等进行的协商与协调。如进出口商与货代公司就包括商品名称、数量、价格、交货条件等在内的基本条款，和包括保险、检验等在内的补充条款等进行协商
共识参与方	按照某一原则选取出的节点参与共识，或系统按照某一标准指定的共识节点。如PoW共识中，按照最大算力选取出的共识节点	业务达成所涉及的直接利益相关者，如货运代理业务中的发货人、货运代理企业；海关通关业务中的报关行、海关
共识达成形式	各节点验证及更新账本。如在比特币共识中，节点在验证数学难题解正确之后，停止挖矿并将该区块连接到主区块链上，并开始竞争下一个新区块，表明其与找出数学难题解的节点间达成共识	签订相关的合同或协议，如货运代理协议
主客观性	客观的二值共识，即对(唯一正确的账本)和错(所有错误的账本)^[26]	主观的多值共识，各主体最终通过群体间的协调和协作过程收敛到唯一意见^[26]
共识的内含	正确的表达内容	正确的表达内容且表达的内容是正确的

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Research on Blockchain Network Consensus of International Trade Logistics Based on Big Boss Game

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