区块链技术赋能下考虑新能源汽车动力电池梯次利用的定价策略研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.1418

Abstract

Abstract:

Echelon utilization of power batteries refers to the process of inspecting， classifying， and disassembling “retired” power batteries， followed by recycling them to restore their functionality， either partially or fully， for application in other fields. Considering the safety of echelon utilization of electric vehicle batteries， a two-stage game model is constructed， consisting of a battery manufacturer and an authorized processor， based on the advantage of blockchain technology in information traceability， and the impact of introduction of blockchain technology on the optimal decisions of supply chain members is investigated. The battery manufacturer is the leader in the game， while the authorized processor is the follower. The model is solved using backward induction. The research findings indicate that：（1） Battery manufacturers and authorized processors are likely to cooperate only when the competition intensity between the two types of echelon products is moderate， and both parties' profits increase with the intensification of product competition；（2） For battery manufacturers， there is a critical value for the cost of introducing blockchain technology. Only when the introduction cost is below this critical value does the manufacturer have the incentive to introduce blockchain technology. At this point， consumer surplus and social welfare are both superior to scenarios without blockchain technology. （3） Compared to the battery manufacturer， the authorized processor has no incentive to introduce blockchain， as the processor’s profit in this scenario is lower than the situation where the battery manufacturer is responsible for introducing blockchain. （4） When the battery manufacturer is in a dominant position relative to the authorized processor， its profit share will be higher than that of the authorized processor. Finally， using BYD's "Tang" as an example， this paper validates the model by collecting actual industry data. The calculation results show that the model has strong robustness and applicability. The conclusions of this study further enrich the application of blockchain technology in operations management.

Key words: power battery, blockchain technology, echelon utilization, pricing strategy

CLC Number:

F272.3

Jie Xu,Wen Hu,Chunlin Luo, et al. Pricing Strategies for the Echelon Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries Enabled by Blockchain Technology[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(5): 285-294.

Figures/Tables 6

符号	含义
参数
$q H j$ ， $q L j$	$H$ 型和 $L$ 型产品的市场需求量
$c H$ ， $c L$	$H$ 型和 $L$ 型电池回收成本
$F$	区块链技术引入成本
$θ$	消费者对 $H$ 型产品的支付意愿
$β$	$L$ 型产品对 $H$ 型产品的替代程度
$λ$	授权处理商分配给电池制造商的利润比例
$k$	区块链技术采用对消费者感知效用的提升水平
$π M j$ ， $π P j$	电池制造商和授权处理商的利润
决策变量
$p H j$ ， $p L j$	$H$ 型和 $L$ 型产品的零售价格
$w H j$ ， $w L j$	$H$ 型和 $L$ 型产品的批发价格

批发价格	$w H B * = k λ - c H - k λ - 2$	$w L B * = k β λ - k β - c L λ - 2$
零售价格	$p H B * = (2 λ - 3) k - c H 2 λ - 4$	$p L B * = k β 2 λ - 3 - c L 2 λ - 4$
产量	$q H B * = β k - k + c H - c L 2 k λ - 2 1 - β$	$q L B * = β c H - c L 2 λ - 2 β - 1 k β$
利润	$π M B * = (1 - β) [β k (k - 2 c H) + c L 2] + β (c H - c L) 2 4 k β β - 1 λ - 2 - F = λ - 2 λ - 1 π P B * - F$
利润	$π P B * = λ - 1 [(1 - β) (β k (k - 2 c H) + c L 2) + β (c H - c L) 2] 4 k β β - 1 λ - 2 2$

批发价格	$w H N * = λ - c H - 1 λ - 2$	$w L N * = β λ - β - c L λ - 2$
零售价格	$p H N * = 2 λ - c H - 3 2 λ - 4$	$p L N * = (2 λ - 3) β - c L 2 λ - 4$
产量	$q H N * = - β - 1 + c H - c L 2 λ - 2 β - 1$	$q L N * = β c H - c L 2 λ - 2 β - 1 β$
利润	$π M N * = (1 - β) [β (1 - 2 c H) + c L 2] + β (c H - c L) 2 4 β β - 1 λ - 2 = λ - 2 λ - 1 π P N *$
利润	$π P N * = λ - 1 [(1 - β) (β (1 - 2 c H) + c L 2) + β (c H - c L) 2] 4 β β - 1 λ - 2 2$

$β$	$w H B *$	$w L B *$	$p H B *$	$p L B *$	$q H B *$	$q L B *$	$π P B *$	$π M B *$
0.62	0.7800	0.4807	0.9400	0.5813	0.1419	0.0057	0.0116	0.0249
0.64	0.7800	0.4880	0.9400	0.5960	0.1313	0.0221	0.0117	0.0251
0.66	0.7800	0.4953	0.9400	0.6107	0.1194	0.0394	0.0118	0.0255
0.68	0.7800	0.5027	0.9400	0.6253	0.1061	0.0579	0.0120	0.0261
0.70	0.7800	0.5100	0.9400	0.6400	0.0909	0.0779	0.0123	0.0270
0.72	0.7800	0.5173	0.9400	0.6547	0.0736	0.0998	0.0127	0.0282
0.74	0.7800	0.5247	0.9400	0.6693	0.0536	0.1241	0.0133	0.0298
0.76	0.7800	0.5320	0.9400	0.6840	0.0303	0.1515	0.0139	0.0318
0.78	0.7800	0.5393	0.9400	0.6987	0.0028	0.1829	0.0148	0.0344

$λ$	$w H B *$	$w L B *$	$p H B *$	$p L B *$	$q H B *$	$q L B *$	$π P B *$	$π M B *$
0.1	0.8474	0.5647	0.9737	0.6674	0.0718	0.0615	0.0138	0.0192
0.2	0.8333	0.5533	0.9667	0.6617	0.0758	0.0649	0.0137	0.0208
0.3	0.8176	0.5406	0.9588	0.6553	0.0802	0.0688	0.0134	0.0227
0.4	0.8000	0.5262	0.9500	0.6481	0.0852	0.0731	0.0130	0.0247
0.5	0.7800	0.5100	0.9400	0.6400	0.0909	0.0779	0.0123	0.0270
0.6	0.7571	0.4914	0.9286	0.6307	0.0974	0.0835	0.0113	0.0297
0.7	0.7308	0.4700	0.9154	0.6200	0.1049	0.0899	0.0099	0.0327
0.8	0.7000	0.4450	0.9000	0.6075	0.1136	0.0974	0.0077	0.0363
0.9	0.6636	0.4155	0.8818	0.5927	0.1240	0.1063	0.0046	0.0405
1.0	0.6200	0.3800	0.8600	0.5750	0.1364	0.1169	0.0000	N/A

批发价格	$w H B C * = k (λ - 1) - c - c H λ - 2$	$w L B C * = β k λ - β k - c - c L λ - 2$
零售价格	$p H B C * = k (2 λ - 3) - c - c H 2 λ - 4$	$p L B C * = k β (2 λ - 3) - c - c L 2 λ - 4$
产量	$q H B C * = - β k - c H + c L + k (2 λ - 4) k (β - 1)$	$q L B C * = (c H + c) β - c - c L (2 λ - 4) k (β - 1) β$
利润	$π M B C * = A 4 k β - 1 β λ - 2 = λ - 2 λ - 1 π P B C $ ， $π P B C = λ - 1 A 4 k β - 1 β λ - 2 2$
利润	$A = β (1 - β) k 2 - 2 β (1 - β) c H + c k - β c H + c (c + 2 c L - c H) + (c + c L) 2$

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Pricing Strategies for the Echelon Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries Enabled by Blockchain Technology

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