Abstract:

Trust building is a key element in the international trade digitized process. As an emerging distributed ledger technology， blockchain has become the bond of establishing trust mechanism in the process of international trade digitization. Consensus mechanism which is the key engine of the blockchain technology plays a decisive role in trust building. In order to better apply blockchain technology to the international trade logistics， based on analysis the international trade logistics business， the blockchain consensus of the critical business where the regulator is a direct business participant is studied.The international trade logistics business is first analyzed from a consensus perspective. And the feature of the critical business is explained， that is， there is a key decision maker which is mostly the central authority obtaining the common trust of many business main bodies in practice. To further illustrate the business operation way under the blockchain system， from the point of consensus， the correspondence between the business operation in reality and the business operation blockchain-based is researched.To embody the importance and the decision-making power of the supervisor in the critical business， the participation of regulators is set as the essential condition to reach the effective consensus. Meanwhile， the consensus process and rule are elaborated. Firstly， the blockchain consensus is treated as a cooperative game process， and the blockchain consensus model is built by using the big boss game. More specifically， the meaning of consensus for the monotonicity， the veto power， and the average boundary payment decreasing of the big boss game is first shown. Then， considering the consensus resource input and the consensus vote of the consensus nodes， the big boss game consensus model is built. Thirdly， the constraint condition and its proof that guarantee the consensus model to conform to the big boss game is also given. Furthermore， the principle for deciding the final consensus alliance and the benefit way of the consensus nodes under this model is stated. And the \mathrm{\tau } value is used to the solution of the consensus model， and its blockchain consensus meaning is also analyzed. Finally， the effectiveness of the model is verified by the numerical analysis.The research results show that　（1） The enthusiasm of the nodes for consensus voting can be motivated by the big boss game consensus model， and thus can better maintain the system operation. （2） More effective consensus and faster transaction processing speed can be created under the consensus model. （3） For the critical business where the regulator is a direct business participant， setting the consensus role which the participation of regulator as the essential condition to reach the effective consensus is consistent with the actual business rule. Simultaneously， the credibility and security of consensus process and result are enhanced. In short， the application of blockchain technology in international trade logistics can be inspired by this study， and the realization of a regulatory friendly blockchain system is also guided.

Key words: digital economy, international trade logistics, consensus mechanism, big boss game, blockchain technology