Abstract:

Against the backdrop of the “dual carbon” initiative， the remanufacturing of waste products has garnered significant attention from the government due to its effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions during the production process. However， issues such as passing off inferior remanufactured products as high-quality ones and the production of counterfeit and shoddy remanufactured items may dampen consumer demand. Therefore， the introduction of blockchain technology becomes particularly crucial. Under the carbon tax policy， the influence of consumer demand （recognition of remanufactured products and low-carbon preference） on the strategy of introducing blockchain technology is taken into account. Based on the authorized remanufacturing model， four blockchain introduction modes （NN， NB， BN， BB） are constructed. Through model solving and numerical example simulations， the following relevant conclusions are drawn： （1） In terms of carbon emission reduction， the scenario where the remanufacturer introduces blockchain technology alone （NB mode） yields the best results， and there is a negative correlation between the manufacturer’s emission reduction rate and the total carbon emission reduction amount of the supply chain. （2） Consumers’ acceptance of remanufactured products and their low-carbon preference have a significant impact on corporate strategies. Improving product quality and conducting environmental protection publicity are beneficial for manufacturers （remanufacturers） to maximize product profits under the NB mode. In addition， from the perspective of social benefits， manufacturers need to dynamically decide whether to introduce blockchain technology according to consumers’ recognition of remanufactured products （introduce it when the recognition is low and avoid it when the recognition is high）， while remanufacturers need to introduce blockchain technology under any circumstances to achieve the optimal consumer surplus. （3） The government may implement carbon tax reductions when the carbon tax rate is relatively high to guide enterprises in adopting the NB model with better environmental benefits. Further promoting differentiated carbon tax policies in conjunction with consumer demand can enhance the competitiveness and feasibility of this model. （4） In the process of promoting carbon emission reduction， enterprises should consider the remanufacturer’s independent introduction of blockchain technology （i.e.， the NB mode） as the preferred strategy to maximize the emission reduction effect and lead the industry towards green transformation. At the same time， manufacturers also need to carefully consider the potential impact of their emission reduction rates on the overall emission reduction effectiveness， and avoid excessive reliance on a single emission reduction technology while neglecting diversified and comprehensive emission reduction approaches. A prudent approach is for enterprises to reallocate part of the emission reduction costs to support and incentivize remanufacturers to introduce blockchain technology. This measure can not only accelerate the penetration and application of blockchain technology in the field of emission reduction but also open up a new revenue stream for manufacturers-by increasing the authorization fees for remanufacturers， thereby achieving a simultaneous boost in economic benefits while promoting the development of a low-carbon economy. In this way， enterprises can not only fulfill their social responsibilities and contribute to the construction of an environmentally friendly society but also gain a competitive edge in the fierce market competition and achieve a dual harvest of economic and social benefits.

Key words: carbon tax, blockchain, remanufacturing, low carbon preference, recognition of remanufactured products