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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 343-357.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0151cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0151

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考虑电动汽车销售目标的最优充电站数量与政府补贴决策研究

张玲红(), 夏雨微, 朱立龙   

  1. 山东师范大学商学院,山东 济南 250014
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-27 修回日期:2024-06-04 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-03-27
  • 通讯作者: 张玲红 E-mail:zhanglinghong2005@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA024)

The Optimal Number of the Charging Station and Government Subsidies Considering the Electric Vehicle's Adoption Target

Linghong Zhang(), Yuwei Xia, Lilong Zhu   

  1. Business school,Shandong Normal University,Ji’nan 250014,China
  • Received:2024-01-27 Revised:2024-06-04 Online:2026-04-25 Published:2026-03-27
  • Contact: Linghong Zhang E-mail:zhanglinghong2005@126.com

摘要:

推广使用电动汽车是实现汽车产业“双碳”目标的主要途径,然而,充电不便利是阻碍消费者购买电动汽车的主要因素。考虑充电桩数量对电动汽车需求的影响,以电动汽车目标市场占有率为约束,将充电站建设方分为两类——政府和第三方,同时,加入两类政府补贴——电动汽车购买补贴与充电站建设补贴,利用Stackelberg博弈模型,给出了不同充电站建设主体的最优充电站建设数量与车企的电动汽车价格。接着,比较不同政府补贴对充电站建设数量与电动汽车销量的影响。最后,结合现实数值模拟,给出了电动汽车销售、充电站建设与政府补贴的相关建议。研究结果表明:政府和第三方建设的充电桩数量与电动汽车销售目标及消费者对充电站数量的敏感性密切相关。在电动汽车销售初期,政府应该同时建设充电站并且实施补贴;随着电动汽车销量的增加,政府可停止消费补贴,继续参与建设并补贴充电站,进一步可退出充电站补贴,最后完全退出充电站建设。

关键词: 销售目标, 充电站数量, 充电站补贴, 消费者补贴, 电动汽车价格

Abstract:

Promoting the use of electric vehicles is the main way to achieve the “dual carbon” goal of the automotive industry, but inconvenient charging is the main factor hindering consumers from purchasing electric vehicles. Considering the impact of the number of Charging station on the demand for electric vehicles, and taking the target market share of electric vehicles as a constraint, the charging station builders are divided into two categories - the government and the third party. At the same time, two types of government subsidies - electric vehicle purchase subsidies and charging station construction subsidies are added. Using the Stackelberg game model, the optimal number of charging stations constructed by different charging station construction entities and the price of electric vehicles for vehicle enterprises are given. Then compare the impact of different government subsidies on the number of charging station construction and electric vehicle sales. Finally, based on practical numerical simulations, relevant suggestions for electric vehicle sales, charging station construction, and government subsidies were provided. The research shows that the number of Charging station built by the government and the third party is closely related to the sales target of electric vehicles and consumers' sensitivity to the number of Charging station. In the early stages of electric vehicle sales, the government should simultaneously build charging stations and implement subsidies; With the increase in sales of electric vehicles, the government can stop providing consumer subsidies but continue to participate in the construction and subsidy of charging stations, further withdraw from charging station subsidies, and ultimately completely withdraw from charging station construction.

Key words: adoption targets, the number of the charging stations, charging station subsidies, consumer subsidies, electric vehicles price

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