新能源汽车动力电池协作回收模式及运营方法研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0112

Abstract

Abstract:

Currently， the lack of collaboration among new energy vehicle brands has led to significant time consumption for owners during the battery recycling process， thereby hindering the timely and efficient recovery of batteries and potentially giving rise to safety hazards and environmental issues. In response， the formation of collaborative alliances among recycling outlets of different new energy vehicle brands is proposed to reduce the travel distance and time cost for owners， thereby enhancing their willingness to participate in recycling and increasing the recycling rate. Centered on this model and operational approach， a collaborative recycling mechanism relying on a third-party information platform is designed. Subsequently， a route optimization plan for owners is developed to reach recycling outlets and a time cost model is established for the recycling process. Furthermore， based on the Shapley value method， a fair calculation is conducted to allocate the time cost savings among alliance members resulting from the collaborative model. Then， through a questionnaire survey， current recycling demands of owners are investigated to characterize the relationship between the recycling rate and time cost. Finally， a numerical example demonstrates that owners’ time cost can be reduced by 40% to 70%， and combined with survey results， the recycling rate is projected to increase by 8.23% to 10.71%. If implemented nationwide， this model is expected to increase the recycling volume by approximately 94，700 to 123，200 tons， validating the practical effectiveness of the multi-party collaborative recycling model.

Key words: collaborative recycling, Shapley allocation, time cost, recovery rate, used power batteries of new energy vehicle

CLC Number:

Weizhen Rao, Yue Chang, Peng Liu. Research on Cooperative Recycling Operation Method of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(9): 325-338.

Figures/Tables 22

符号	说明
n	所有参与协作回收的各新能源汽车品牌回收网点的数量或者集合（设每个品牌均有且仅有一个回收网点）
m	所有需要进行新能源汽车废旧动力电池回收的车主数量或者集合（设每个车主只有一辆新能源汽车）
C_k	第k(1≤k≤n)个新能源汽车品牌回收网点所负责的车主{1,2,...,m_k }
C	所有n个新能源汽车回收网点所负责的车主集合， $C = U k = 1 n C k = {1,2, . . ., m}$
D_k	第k(1≤k≤n)个新能源汽车品牌回收网点集合{m+k}
D	所有n个新能源汽车品牌回收网点集合， $D = U i = 1 n D i = {m + 1, m + 2, . . ., m + n}$
S^j	第j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)个新能源汽车品牌回收网点子联盟，且 $S j ≠ ϕ$
C^j	第j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)个子联盟S^j 中所有联盟成员所负责的车主集合， $C j = U i = 1 n (B j (i) × C i)$
D^j	第j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)个子联盟S^j 中所有联盟成员集合， $D j = U i = 1 n (B j (i) × D i)$
B2D(·)	将1×n维0-1向量“·”看成二进制数值，并将其转化为十进制数值
D2B(·)	B2D(·)的逆运算，即将数值小于2 ⁿ -1的十进制数值转化为n位二进制数值，并且表示为1×n维0-1向量
B^j	与S^j 对应的1×n维成员的归属向量，其中如果i∈S^j (1≤i≤n)，则B^j (i)=1；否则B^j (i)=0
X_i	第i(1≤i≤m)位车主的位置坐标，X_i =(a_i,b_i )
a_i	第i(1≤i≤m)位车主的横坐标
b_i	第i(1≤i≤m)位车主的纵坐标
Z_k	第k(1≤k≤n)个回收网点的位置坐标，Z_k =(e_k,f_k )
e_k	第k(1≤k≤n)个回收网点的横坐标
f_k	第k(1≤k≤n)个回收网点的纵坐标
ED^j_ik	第j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)个子联盟S^j 中,车主i(1≤i≤m)到回收网点k(1≤k≤n)的欧氏距离，(i∈C^j,k∈D^j )
ED_ik	任意一位车主i(1≤i≤m)与一个回收网点k(1≤k≤n)之间的欧式距离，(i∈C,k∈D)
ED^j_io	第j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)个子联盟S^j 中,车主i(1≤i≤m)与原购车品牌回收网点o(1≤o≤n)之间的欧氏距离
x_ijk	为0,1变量，当车主i∈C^j 前往联盟j(1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)中的回收网点k（k∈D^j ）时等于1，否则等于0
TC^j_i	第i(1≤i≤p)位车主在子联盟S^j (1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)中的时间成本
SaveTC^j_i	第i(1≤i≤p)位车主在子联盟S^j (1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)中的时间成本节约值
SaveED^j_i	第i(1≤i≤p)位车主在子联盟S^j (1≤j≤2 ⁿ -1)中的行驶距离节约值

j	B_j	S_j	$∑ E D j i k$	$∑ M i n$ ED^j_ik	$∑ S a v e$ ED^j_ik	$∑ S a v e$ C^j_i	SaveC^j_i％
1	[0 0 0 1]	{4}	561.02	561.02	0	0	0
2	[0 0 1 0]	{3}	597.39	597.39	0	0	0
3	[0 0 1 1]	{3 4}	1158.40	888.76	269.65	269.65	23.28
4	[0 1 0 0]	{2}	636.14	636.14	0	0	0
5	[0 1 0 1]	{2 4}	1197.20	794.22	402.98	402.98	33.67
6	[0 1 1 0]	{2 3}	1233.57	906.03	327.54	327.54	26.55
7	[0 1 1 1]	{2 3 4}	1794.59	1028.37	766.22	766.22	42.70
8	[1 0 0 0]	{1}	787.10	787.10	0	0	0
9	[1 0 0 1]	{1 4}	1348.11	754.58	593.54	593.54	44.03
10	[1 0 1 0]	{1 3}	1384.48	1137.45	247.04	247.04	17.84
11	[1 0 1 1]	{1 3 4}	1945.50	1132.61	812.88	812.88	41.78
12	[1 1 0 0]	{1 2}	1423.28	1021.57	401.71	401.71	28.22
13	[1 1 0 1]	{1 2 4}	1984.30	923.40	1060.90	1060.90	53.46
14	[1 1 1 0]	{1 2 3}	2020.67	1284.41	736.21	736.21	36.43
15	[1 1 1 1]	{1 2 3 4}	2581.68	1200.95	1380.73	1380.73	53.48

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k	k₀	*No.*	*Sum*	*Sum₀*
1	1	None	4	13
	2	17, 29
	3	None
	4	6, 42
2	1	22, 24, 49	14	16
	2	23, 25, 50
	3	5, 40, 43
	4	3, 26, 28, 44, 52
3	1	36	13	16
	2	7, 45, 59
	3	8, 33, 34, 37, 46, 56
	4	21, 41, 53
4	1	2, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 35, 47, 48	29	15
	2	1, 9, 11, 16, 32, 38, 39, 57
	3	4, 14, 27, 31, 51, 55, 58
	4	13, 18, 19, 54, 60

k	1	2	3	4
MinTC_k	787.10	636.14	597.39	561.02
ShapleyTC_k	395.79	278.76	370.65	155.75
SaveTC_k %	49.72	56.18	37.96	72.24

k	1	2	3	4
MinTC_k	2040.56	1779.98	2466.82	1793.34
ShapleyTC_k	736.93	572.17	1268.16	848.92
SaveTC_k %	63.89	67.86	48.60	52.66

模型	SatisT	SatisP	LevelR	RI	RateR
传统	0.8668	0.8235	0.9081	0.8473	0.7694
协作-min	0.9652	0.8235	0.9449	0.9014	0.8517
协作-max	0.9652	0.8235	0.9724	0.9014	0.8765

Research on Cooperative Recycling Operation Method of New Energy Vehicle Power Battery

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Figures/Tables 22

References 44

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*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*
1	78	69	2	13	49	34	4	25	13	21	2	37	29	76	3	49	21	3	1
2	78	66	1	14	57	10	3	26	22	10	4	38	74	12	2	50	11	13	2
3	3	17	4	15	49	49	1	27	49	3	3	39	73	5	2	51	72	52	3
4	54	11	3	16	78	67	2	28	6	27	4	40	8	17	3	52	13	12	4
5	14	19	3	17	6	66	2	29	11	79	2	41	43	76	4	53	70	74	4
6	9	63	4	18	41	42	4	30	79	23	1	42	3	59	4	54	61	41	4
7	31	62	2	19	63	44	4	31	43	34	3	43	10	28	3	55	56	20	3
8	31	87	3	20	61	12	1	32	75	65	2	44	7	18	4	56	43	47	3
9	53	5	2	21	29	50	4	33	78	85	3	45	36	47	2	57	58	17	2
10	74	26	1	22	10	28	1	34	30	80	3	46	27	69	3	58	45	35	3
11	47	41	2	23	14	22	2	35	61	8	1	47	45	23	1	59	29	73	2
12	58	25	1	24	28	37	1	36	33	87	1	48	59	45	1	60	71	55	4

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No.	1（亚星）	2（九龙）	3（上汽）	4（沃尔沃）
*e_k*	6	23	36	60
*f_k*	65	33	63	39

*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*
1	78	69	2	13	49	34	4	25	13	21	2	37	29	76	3	49	21	3	1
2	78	66	1	14	57	10	3	26	22	10	4	38	74	12	2	50	11	13	2
3	3	17	4	15	49	49	1	27	49	3	3	39	73	5	2	51	72	52	3
4	54	11	3	16	78	67	2	28	6	27	4	40	8	17	3	52	13	12	4
5	14	19	3	17	6	66	2	29	11	79	2	41	43	76	4	53	70	74	4
6	9	63	4	18	41	42	4	30	79	23	1	42	3	59	4	54	61	41	4
7	31	62	2	19	63	44	4	31	43	34	3	43	10	28	3	55	56	20	3
8	31	87	3	20	61	12	1	32	75	65	2	44	7	18	4	56	43	47	3
9	53	5	2	21	29	50	4	33	78	85	3	45	36	47	2	57	58	17	2
10	74	26	1	22	10	28	1	34	30	80	3	46	27	69	3	58	45	35	3
11	47	41	2	23	14	22	2	35	61	8	1	47	45	23	1	59	29	73	2
12	58	25	1	24	28	37	1	36	33	87	1	48	59	45	1	60	71	55	4

*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*	*No.*	*a_i*	*b_i*	*Be.*
1	78	69	2	13	49	34	4	25	13	21	2	37	29	76	3	49	21	3	1
2	78	66	1	14	57	10	3	26	22	10	4	38	74	12	2	50	11	13	2
3	3	17	4	15	49	49	1	27	49	3	3	39	73	5	2	51	72	52	3
4	54	11	3	16	78	67	2	28	6	27	4	40	8	17	3	52	13	12	4
5	14	19	3	17	6	66	2	29	11	79	2	41	43	76	4	53	70	74	4
6	9	63	4	18	41	42	4	30	79	23	1	42	3	59	4	54	61	41	4
7	31	62	2	19	63	44	4	31	43	34	3	43	10	28	3	55	56	20	3
8	31	87	3	20	61	12	1	32	75	65	2	44	7	18	4	56	43	47	3
9	53	5	2	21	29	50	4	33	78	85	3	45	36	47	2	57	58	17	2
10	74	26	1	22	10	28	1	34	30	80	3	46	27	69	3	58	45	35	3
11	47	41	2	23	14	22	2	35	61	8	1	47	45	23	1	59	29	73	2
12	58	25	1	24	28	37	1	36	33	87	1	48	59	45	1	60	71	55	4