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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 297-313.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0002cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0002

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基于委托代理理论的逆向供应链激励机制设计与回收模式选择

许明辉1(), 袁睢秋1, 秦颖2, 张佳1   

  1. 1.武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北 武汉 430072
    2.成都理工大学管理科学学院,四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-01 修回日期:2023-09-14 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 许明辉 E-mail:mhxu@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72171181)

Design of Incentive Mechanism and Selection of Recovery Mode for Reverse Supply Chain Based on Principal-agent Theory

Minghui Xu1(), Suiqiu Yuan1, Ying Qin2, Jia Zhang1   

  1. 1.Economics and Management School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China
    2.College of Management Science,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China
  • Received:2023-01-01 Revised:2023-09-14 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-07
  • Contact: Minghui Xu E-mail:mhxu@whu.edu.cn

摘要:

回收商能力禀赋私有信息和努力行为不可观测,影响逆向供应链的配置效率。本文研究回收渠道具有竞争或合作关系时制造商(委托人)激励双回收商(双代理人)显示真实能力和最优努力行为的机制设计问题。基于委托代理理论,构建由回收绩效-支付构成契约的可行配置集和激励回收商显示真实能力及付出最优努力的激励相容约束,建立同时克服逆向选择和道德风险问题的最优激励机制模型,探讨回收渠道竞争与合作关系对制造商最优契约安排及回收模式选择的影响机理。结果表明:(1)回收绩效分享比例随着合作强度增大而增大,一定条件下随着竞争强度增大呈先增后减趋势;(2)回收商努力水平与努力成本系数、绝对风险规避系数和市场不确定性负相关,与竞争或合作强度和努力产出系数正相关;(3)相较于能力信息对称,能力信息不对称下最优回收绩效分享比例和努力水平均向下扭曲,且回收商获取额外信息租金;(4)在一定条件下,制造商选择能力更强的回收商时,建立合作回收渠道更有利于保证回收效率和经济效益。

关键词: 逆向供应链, 信息不对称, 机制设计, 逆向选择, 道德风险

Abstract:

With the increasing shortage of resources and environmental pollution, most manufacturers have started to recycle used products in order to reduce production costs and increase capacity efficiency. However, the manufacturer and the recycler usually act as different stakeholders in the recycling process, and the recyclers’ private information about their capacity endowment and unobservable effort behaviors affects the allocation efficiency of reverse supply chain. with the development of today's network economy and information technology, the recycling channels have been broadened. The manufacturer often outsources recycling to multiple recyclers, while there is also extensive competition or cooperation relationship between the recyclers. In this context, the following three questions are studied:(1) How can the manufacturer design effective incentive mechanism to screen the true information about the recyclers’ capacity and motivate effort behavior? (2) What are the characteristics of the manufacturer's optimal incentive contract under the different recovery mode? (3) How do the manufacturer’s recovery mode decisions depend on factors such as the intensity of competition or cooperation and the recyclers' capacity endowment? In this paper, a two-channel reverse supply chain consisting of one manufacturer (the principal) and two recyclers (two agents) is considered, and the incentive model which can overcome adverse selection and moral hazard simultaneously under different recovery mode are constructed. In the model, based on the revelation principle, a menu of blanket contracts which can identify the true types of the recyclers and drive the optimal effort is provided. The main work includes three parts.Firstly, the feasible allocation sets composed of recovery performance-payment and the incentive compatibility constraints motivating the recyclers to display true information and paying the best effort are constructed. Secondly, the optimal contract structure under symmetric and asymmetric information about the recyclers’ capacity is determined, and the optimal expected utility levels of the manufacturer and the recyclers under different recovery mode are obtained. Thirdly, the characteristics of the optimal incentive contracts including the performance sharing ratio, the recyclers’effort levels and the information rents are analyzed, and the boundary conditions for the selection of recovery mode are identified. The main results are as follows: (1) The recovery performance sharing ratio increases with the cooperation intensity coefficient, and first increases and then decreases as the competition intensity coefficient increases under certain conditions. (2) The recyclers’ effort levels decrease with the effort cost coefficient, absolute risk aversion coefficient and market uncertainty, and increase with the competition or cooperation intensity coefficient and the effort output coefficient. (3) Compared with the case of symmetric capacity information, the recovery performance sharing ratio and effort levels of the recyclers (except the highest capable one) are distorted downward under the two types of information asymmetry, and the recyclers (except the lowest capable one) obtain additional information rents. (4) With the two types of asymmetric information, under certain conditions, the manufacturer would prefer to choose more competent recycler to establish cooperative recycling channel since it is more conducive to ensuring recycling efficiency and economic benefits. The results of this paper provide theory and methodology for the mechanism design with competitive and cooperative relationships between the recycling channels under asymmetric information.

Key words: reverse supply chain, information asymmetry, mechanism design, adverse selection, moral hazard

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