电商模式下考虑农户满意度的生鲜农产品产地冷库选址研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1260

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对电商农户小批量且分散的生鲜农产品冷藏需求，研究了产地型冷库选址问题。通过冷库服务可靠性和运输新鲜度变化衡量农户满意度并将其引入选址模型，构建了以冷库总成本最小为目标的产地型冷库选址模型；针对模型设计了基于混沌映射的人工蜂群改进算法用于模型求解，在初始化和侦察蜂搜索阶段引入混沌映射以提升算法寻优求解速度；以陕西省洛川县苹果冷库选址为例验证了模型的有效性和算法的优势性，并探究了需求量、运输距离和惩罚成本变动对选址结果的影响。结果表明：农户满意度对冷库选址结果有重要影响，增加冷库数量比提升冷库容量更有利于降低冷库总成本；在保证算法求解质量的情况下，人工蜂群改进算法的平均求解时间与常规人工蜂群算法和粒子群算法相比分别减少了10.77%和51.60%。

关键词: 生鲜农产品电商, 产地型冷库, 选址优化, 农户满意度

Abstract:

With the rapid development of E-commerce， several farmers have opened online sales channel and shifted to a sale model of agricultural products through both online and offline. Fresh agricultural products need low temperature storage after harvest because of their perishable characteristic. Small-scale farmers in China often seek third-party cold storage services. However， because of the small scale and scattered production of farmers， their cold storage services put forward new requirements of convenience and availability. Conventional cold storage operators mostly serve enterprises， wholesalers and cooperatives. Meanwhile， the existing layout of cold storage is hard to meet the specific requirements of small-scale farmers. Therefore， how to choose the locations of cold storages and determine the service relationship of each storage to farmers become a key issue for many cold storage operators. In view of the location problem， many previous models mainly pursued to minimize costs while ignoring customers' satisfaction. Combined with the characteristics of small and dispersed cold storage demand of E-commerce farmers， farmers' satisfaction is measured from two dimensions： reliability of cold storage service and freshness of fresh products in transportation. Motivated by these observations， in the work a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed， considering factors such as distance， demand， service radius， fixed cost， variable cost， transportation cost and farmers' satisfaction. The farmers' satisfaction is introduced into the model in the form of penalty cost. The objective of the model is to minimize the total cost by optimizing the location of each cold storage and identifying the service relationship between cold storage and the farmers. In addition， an improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed， where the chaotic mapping is introduced in the initialization and scout bee search stages to improve the speed of the algorithm. The effectiveness and advantage of the improved artificial bee colony algorithm （IABC） are demonstrated by practical and random examples. Compared with the artificial bee colony algorithm （ABC） and particle swarm optimization algorithm （PSO）， the average solution time of IABC is reduced by 10.77% and 51.6% respectively. In the case study， the example data of apple cold storage locations in Luochuan County are taken as an example to verify the effectiveness of the work， and the influences of demand size， transportation distance and farmer satisfaction penalty cost on total cost， location results and service relationship are explored. Experimental results show that the total cost of cold storage is optimal when constructing 7 cold storages in the case of Luochuan County. The farmer's satisfaction has an important impact on the location of cold storage. Moreover， when the demand and transportation distance increase， increasing the number of cold storage is more advantageous than increasing the capacity of cold storage， which can effectively assist cold storage operators to make location decisions. Reasonable cold storage location decisions can effectively reduce postharvest losses of fresh agricultural products and have important significance to entire supply chain. Considering cold storage reliability and freshness of transportation services for farmers' satisfaction provides a new method of measuring the cold storage service.

Key words: fresh agricultural produce E-commerce, origin-based cold storage, location optimization, farmer satisfaction

中图分类号:

F253

梁旭, 韩继良, 阮俊虎, 卞亦文. 电商模式下考虑农户满意度的生鲜农产品产地冷库选址研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2025, 33(3): 314-325.

Xu Liang, Jiliang Han, Junhu Ruan, Yiwen Bian. Study on the Location of Origin-based Cold Storage Considering the Satisfaction of Farmers under the Fresh E-commerce[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(3): 314-325.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

图8

图9

图10

图11

表2

IABC、ABC及PSO算法求解算例的结果对比"

编号	$m$	$F$	$C s$	IABC			ABC			PSO
编号	$m$	$F$	$C s$	AC (万元)	SD	时间(秒)	AC (万元)	SD	时间(秒)	AC (万元)	SD	时间(秒)
1	33	7	-	966.31	0.00	54.04	966.31	0.00	60.56	972.53	0.59	104.72
2	50	7	-	1895.28	3.93	72.43	1901.27	9.41	82.51	1918.90	6.44	131.49
3	100	7	-	4062.96	4.56	124.93	4114.49	28.93	136.39	4130.34	21.59	250.34
4	33	7	+50%	983.07	0.13	56.65	983.16	0.24	88.26	983.52	7.03	101.78
5	33	7	+100%	1030.19	0.13	57.97	1030.24	0.25	63.1	1031.84	2.65	95.6
6	33	7	+150%	1068.01	0.24	61.87	1068.67	2.13	69.66	1169.85	2.77	98.88
7	33	7	+200%	1584.33	0.14	57.52	1584.36	0.14	70.48	1585.53	2.73	99.54

表2

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惩罚成本变动（%）	总成本（万元）	总成本增长率（%）	选址结果
0	966.3115	-	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
50	968.5086	0.23	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
100	970.7058	0.45	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
150	972.9029	0.68	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
200	975.1000	0.91	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
250	977.2971	1.14	5、6、13、15、22、28、33
300	979.4942	1.36	5、8、15、22、25、28、33
350	981.6914	1.59	5、8、15、22、25、28、33
400	983.8885	1.82	5、6、15、16、19、22、33