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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 189-197.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2670

• • 上一篇    

应急物资分配数量差异与人口统计学因素对灾民公平感知的影响

邵建芳, 樊彧(), 王熹徽, 梁樑   

  1. 中国科学技术大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230026
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-13 修回日期:2023-02-21 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 樊彧 E-mail:fanyu@ustc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72204241);国家自然科学基金项目(72201255);国家自然科学基金项目(72188101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(WK2040000100);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(WK2040000111)

The Impact of Emergency Supplies Quantitative Differences and Social Factors on the Fair Perceptions of Victims: An Empirical Study

Jianfang Shao, Yu Fan(), Xihui Wang, Liang Liang   

  1. International Institute of Finance,School of Management,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026 China
  • Received:2022-12-13 Revised:2023-02-21 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: Yu Fan E-mail:fanyu@ustc.edu.cn

摘要:

在灾害发生后,应急物资的分配是否公平,是灾民关注的重点之一。公平的应急物资分配既有利于安抚灾民的情绪,稳定灾区的社会秩序,也有利于应急资源的合理与充分利用,避免造成浪费。然而,公平的分配并非简单地按照数量平均分配,而是需要根据灾民的具体情况,进行“按需分配”。为了更好地考虑灾民的需求与公平感知,真正做到“以人为本”,本文提出采用不公平厌恶作为衡量应急物资分配公平性的指标。不公平厌恶是一个被广泛地应用于经济学、社会心理学领域的概念,主要衡量了人们对于不公平分配的厌恶程度,在一定程度上可以从受益人本身而非决策者的角度衡量物资分配的公平性,避免了决策与实际脱节的尴尬情况。本文研究应急情境下灾民公平感知影响因素问题,通过使用福利经济学受偿意愿方法设计调研问卷获取研究数据。研究结果表明:(1)应急物资分配的数量差异、灾民的性别、受教育程度与年龄对灾民不公平厌恶程度存在显著影响;(2)当应急物资分配的数量差异较小时,人口统计学因素(灾民的性别、收入、年龄以及受教育程度)对于灾民不公平厌恶感的影响不显著,但随着差异变大,影响会变得显著。据此,本文为应急物流决策者进行应急物资的分配提供了建议,有助于减轻灾民负面情绪对应急物流行动的影响。

关键词: 应急物流, 物资分配, 不公平厌恶

Abstract:

The fair allocation of the emergency supplies is one of the most important concerns of victims after the occurrence of disasters. A fair allocation not only helps calm down the victims and keep the order in disaster-affected areas, but also avoids the waste of emergency resources. However, a fair allocation does not mean giving the exact same amount of relief supplies to each victim. Instead, decision-makers should consider the demand and preferences of victims and make allocations based on them. Hence, in this paper, the authors adopt inequity aversion as the measurement of fairness from the perspective of ‘people-centered’, which avoids the situation that decisions made are not in line with the reality. Inequity aversion is a widely studied concept in economics and social psychology, which mainly measures the degree that people dislike inequal allocation. Through online investigation, the factors that might have impacts on the fair perceptions of victims are analyzed. It is found: (1) Quantitative differences in the allocation of emergency supplies, the income, gender, education and age of victims have significant impacts on the inequity aversion of victims. (2) When the quantitative differences are small, the social factors (the gender, income, age and education of victims) do not have significant impacts on the inequity aversion of victims. However, with the increase of the quantitative differences, the impacts will gradually become significant. Based on the result of analysis, suggestions are provided to decision-making of resource allocation in emergency logistics, which helps mitigate the impact of negative emotions of victims on the relief operations.

Key words: emergency logistics, relief items allocation, inequity aversion

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