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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 128-138.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2367cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2367

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监管机构参与业务审核流程的国际贸易物流区块链共识算法研究

李登峰1, 杜晓丽2()   

  1. 1.电子科技大学经济与管理学院,四川 成都 611731
    2.河北经贸大学管理科学与信息工程学院,河北 石家庄 050061
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-15 修回日期:2022-06-29 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 杜晓丽 E-mail:sjzduxiao@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72071032);河北省教育厅科技类青年拔尖人才项目(BJK2024154);河北经贸大学京津冀-雄安研究专项项目(2023JXYB01)

Study on Blockchain Consensus Algorithm of International Trade Logistics under Business Audit Process with the Participation of Regulators

Dengfeng Li1, Xiaoli Du2()   

  1. 1.School of Management and Economics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 611731,China
    2.School of Management Science and Information Engineering,Hebei University of Economics and Business,Shijiazhuang 050061,China
  • Received:2021-11-15 Revised:2022-06-29 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-07
  • Contact: Xiaoli Du E-mail:sjzduxiao@sina.com

摘要:

针对国际贸易物流中的信任问题,利用区块链技术构建国际贸易物流的底层架构,有望实现去中介化的信任。考虑到实际国际贸易物流中借助监管机构参与业务审核流程来保障业务合规性与合法性,以及业务达成过程对应于区块链共识过程的事实,在区块链共识中引入监管节点,并结合实际业务利益相关者的特点,对实际业务达成过程中的各主体在区块链共识中的节点分类、功能、角色等进行说明。在此基础上,阐述了国际贸易物流区块链共识流程与规则。同时,为体现业务特点和共识节点间的差异性,引入了节点声誉值属性及其计算模型,作为共识节点的选择依据。然后,运用Stackelberg博弈方法,建立了区块管理者与共识节点间的区块链共识激励模型。通过对比分析有、无监管机构参与业务审核情形下,区块管理者和共识节点的收益变化,得出监管机构加入有效的监管力度与节点声誉值条件。本研究可为区块链技术更好地应用于国际贸易物流提供一定参考和借鉴。

关键词: 国际贸易物流, 区块链技术, 共识算法, 监管, 数字经济

Abstract:

Aiming at the trust problem in the international trade logistics, the blockchain technology is used to build the underlying architecture of the international trade logistics to achieve the disintermediated trust. However, the present researches about the application of blockchain technology don’t consider the participation of regulators, and it does not conform to the business rules of international trade logistics. The business entities of the international trade logistics correspond to the blockchain nodes when the blockchain technology is applied to the international trade logistics. The illegal information can’t avoid to be published if all the business entities write to and read data by themselves. Given consensus algorithm plays a decisive role in building trust, the blockchain consensus is studied considering the regulators participating in the business audit process.The blockchain consensus process and rule are elaborated on considering the participation of regulators. Based on the above, node reputation which is a combination of consensus performance and business performance is introduced to be as a basis for consensus node selection. Secondly, Stackelberg game method is used to build blockchain consensus incentive model. While the change of profit of block manager and consensus nodes in the different situations of considering the participation of regulators or not is analyzed. Lastly, the research results show that the model effective condition of supervision and node reputation. The specific contents of this paper are as follows:Firstly, there are many stakeholders involved in the international trade logistics. According to the effect and correlation of these stakeholders on the business, the business stakeholders are divided into three groups—relevant stakeholders, indirect stakeholders and regulator. In the blockchain application environment, the above-mentioned three groups correspond to the nodes of user nodes, consensus nodes and the regulation nodes. Meanwhile, the identity and function of the business stakeholders are illustrated during the blockchain consensus process.Secondly, the consensus process and rule are elaborated on considering the participation of regulators. Specifically, the consensus rules include the audit content rule, the dynamic change rule for the number of consensus node and the dynamic selection rule of the consensus node. And the consensus process contains publishing trade information, trade review, determining consensus participation nodes, trade consensus validation, gaining consensus, block generated and trade data saved to the blockchain. Based on the above, node reputation is introduced to be as a basis for consensus nodes selection. The calculation of the node reputation considers four aspects: historical and recent consensus performance of the node, history smart contract performance of the node the cumulative freight volume of the node and the participation of the node for illegal trade. Elaborate here, the top-ranking node among the final consensus nodes is the block manager while the others are the consensus nodes.Lastly, Stackelberg game method is used to build blockchain consensus incentive model, and the change of profit of block manager and consensus nodes is analyzed in the different situations of considering the participation of regulators or not. Specifically, the block manager is the leader who deciding the price of the consensus resource and the consensus nodes are the followers who decide the consensus resource input. And the model effective condition of supervision and node reputation is summarized.It can extend the blockchain consensus from technology to participant in this paper. And it provides a reference for considering the role and function positioning of regulatory in blockchain, and it has enlightening function in the realization of regulation-friendly blockchain system.

Key words: international trade logistics, blockchain technology, consensus algorithm, regulators, digital economy

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