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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 319-330.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1934cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1934

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区块链智能合约驱动下动态利率定价的订单融资与供应链运营策略

王成付1, 陈祥锋2(), 金伟3, 丁雯4   

  1. 1.南通大学商学院,江苏 南通 226019
    2.复旦大学管理学院,上海 200433
    3.浙江财经大学金融学院,浙江 杭州 310018
    4.浙江财经大学管理学院,浙江 杭州 310018
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-17 修回日期:2024-05-06 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 陈祥锋 E-mail:chenxf@fudan.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(72232002);国家自然科学基金项目(72472081);国家自然科学基金项目(72572037);国家自然科学基金项目(72002191);国家自然科学基金项目(72372145);国家自然科学基金项目(72302209);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC630048);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(22YJC630019)

Purchase Order Financing and Supply Chain Operations Strategies under Blockchain Smart Contract-driven Dynamitic Interest Rate Pricing

Chengfu Wang1, Xiangfeng Chen2(), Wei Jin3, Wen Ding4   

  1. 1.School of Business,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China
    2.School of Management,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China
    3.School of Finance,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China
    4.School of Management,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China
  • Received:2023-11-17 Revised:2024-05-06 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Xiangfeng Chen E-mail:chenxf@fudan.edu.cn

摘要:

本文在制造企业订单融资模式中考虑两类银行利率定价方式:稳定利率和区块链智能合约驱动的动态利率。稳定利率下,银行在放贷前设定一个贷款周期内保持不变的利率给制造企业;智能合约驱动的动态利率下,银行在放贷后,根据制造企业在检测时刻是否完成生产供货动态调整利率定价。本文通过博弈建模分析了稳定利率定价和动态利率定价下,银行利率决策和制造商生产决策的基本逻辑,并在此基础上探究了动态利率定价对各参与方收益的影响及其适用条件。研究发现:(1)一定条件下,稳定利率定价会造成制造商和零售商所获利润低于其最优决策利润,即发生制造商和零售商的最优决策利润偏离。(2)动态利率定价始终可完全修复稳定利率定价所导致的制造商的最优决策利润偏离,即提升制造商利润至其最优决策利润,但无法保证一定可以修复稳定利率定价所导致的零售商的最优决策利润偏离。(3)存在制造商在订单截止时刻完成供货的概率的上下界和制造商延迟供货成本节约值的上下界,该上下界范围内,动态利率定价能同步修复制造商和零售商最优决策利润偏离,融资系统适合引入动态利率定价。(4)考虑制造商延迟供货会引发零售商附加运营成本时,如果这一附加运营成本高于制造商延迟供货的成本节约值,那么动态利率定价可同步修复制造商和零售商的最优决策利润偏离;否则,动态利率定价仍无法保证一定可以修复零售商的最优决策利润偏离。

关键词: 供应链, 订单融资, 智能合约, 动态利率, 制造企业

Abstract:

With the initial practical application of the blockchain smart contract-driven dynamic interest rate pricing method (DIP), it is worth exploring compared to the stable interest rate pricing method (SIP), what the value of DIP is, and how to introduce DIP into a supply chain financing scheme. Two types of bank interest rate pricing methods, SIP and DIP, are considered when a manufacturer applies for financing from a bank through the purchase order financing mode. Under SIP, before granting financing funds to the manufacturer, the bank decides a stable interest rate that remains unchanged throughout the loan cycle. Whereas, under DIP, after granting financing funds, the bank determines a detection time point to check the manufacturer’s production process, and the interest setting of the bank is contingent on whether the manufacturer has finished production and delivery at the detection time point. It aims to investigate how DIP changes participants’ decisions, and compared to SIP, whether DIP can bring extra profit for each participant, and under what conditions DIP should be applied. Stackelberg game and newsvendor models are used to analyze the bank’s interest rate pricing decisions, manufacturer’s production decisions, and retailer’s order decisions under SIP and DIP, and based on this, each participant’s profits under SIP and DIP are compared and DIP’s applicable conditions are identified. It is suggested that: (1) SIP can lead to the manufacturer’s and retailer’s deviations from their respective optimal decision profits under certain conditions, namely, under SIP, the manufacturer and retailer obtain lower profits than their optimal decision profits. (2) DIP can always completely repair the manufacturer’s deviation from its optimal decision profit caused by SIP, thereby improving the manufacturer’s profit to the level of its optimal decision profit, but DIP cannot guarantee the repair of the retailer’s deviation from its optimal decision profit caused by SIP. (3) There exist upper and lower bounds of the probability of the manufacturer completing delivery at the order deadline, as well as upper and lower bounds of the cost saving the manufacturer obtains from the delayed delivery; Within these upper and lower bound ranges, DIP can synchronously repair the manufacturer’s and retailer’s deviations from their optimal decision profits caused by SIP (namely, DIP can improve the manufacturer’s and retailer’s profits to their respective optimal decision profits), and DIP should be introduced. (4) Moreover, considering the retailer’s additional operating cost caused by the manufacturer’s delayed delivery, it is found that: If this retailer’s additional operating cost caused by the manufacturer’s delayed delivery is bigger than the cost saving the manufacturer obtains from delayed delivery, DIP can synchronously repair the manufacturer’s and retailer’s deviations from their respective optimal decision profits caused by SIP; Otherwise, DIP still cannot guarantee the repair of the retailer’s deviation from its optimal decision profit caused by SIP. The findings can help banks and enterprises make decisions on whether to introduce DIP and meanwhile provide guidance for a supply chain to achieve Pareto improvement through DIP.

Key words: supply chain, purchase order financing, smart contract, dynamic interest rate, manufacturer

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