In this paper, a new metaphor of organization is proposed. Organizations could be seen as Time-Space Systems, including time and space factors. Based on this metaphor, a time-space theory of leadership and management, which shows that leaders and managers can analyze organizations from a time-space perspective, namely in the dimensions of time and space,is proposed. Time perspective includes learning and innovation. Space perspective includes level and dimension perspective. Organizational system could be divided into several levels from micro to macro, such as individual, group, organization and so on. All levels are interacted with each other. Organizational system could also be divided into method dimension which includes goal and approach system, interest and power system, belief and value system, and so on,and resource dimension which includes human capital, material capital, financial capital,and so on. The paper put forwards a series of theoretical propositions and practical methodologies. Several simplified models and the related tools are proposed, and then four-dimensional theory of organizational analysis and design is articulated. Leaders and managers should build up their time-space leadership and enhance their time-space emotional quotient, intelligence quotient and time-space wisdom. Leaders and managers should not only analyze and design organizations in a systematic view but also grasp some key factors, in order to improve organizational effectiveness, decrease bias and get more satisfactory solutions for decision making, build competitive advantage, and maintain sustainability, as well as harmonious and healthy development. Further, leaders and managers should make great efforts to know both micro and macro, both softness and hardness, both constant and change, and then reach a state of the unity of knowing and doing, and improve the unity of human and heaven and harmoniousness of society, and then build a better society.
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