线上线下协同的全渠道零售供应链系统的鲁棒控制与优化

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.1603

Abstract

Abstract:

Technological innovation and consumption upgrades have accelerated the rapid development of the “new retail” omnichannel model. With the implementation of this model， a large number of enterprises blindly added new online channels and excessively imitate business model， resulting inoffline mismanagement， overstocked inventory， and high online return rate.Therefore， how to integrate the advantages of offline and online channel， expand the integrated and intelligent omnichannel layout， and meet the personalized and seamless interactive experience of consumers has become a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently by the industry and academia. Focusing on these questions， ROPS（Reserve-Online-Pick-up-and-pay-in-Store） and BORP（Buy-Online-and-Pick-up-in-Store） strategies are integrated to build a state feedback control model for the omnichannel retail supply chain system， and four strategy models are compared： N-BR （do not adopt BORP and ROPS）， Y-B （adopt pure BORP）， Y-R （adopt pure ROPS）， Y-BR （integrate BORP and ROPS）. Further， the influence of consumer channel preferences， cross-channel delivery and return parameter uncertainty on supply chain system inventory， production/ordering and profit is investigated， and the bullwhip effect suppression method is studied based on Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality algorithms. The results show that：（1） Omnichannel retail companies should regard consumer channel preferences as their characteristics， and balance the profits of manufacturers and retailers；（2） Y-BR strategy will cause a certain risk of out of stock and retailers should rationally design specific configuration conditions for adopting BORP and ROPS to increase profit；（3） Retailer's profit depends on the pick-up rate. If the offline pick-up rate is too high， it will cause a serious loss in the retailer's profit；（4） Robust optimization control effectively suppresses the bullwhip effect. This research improves the operating efficiency and profits of new retail enterprises， increases the core competitiveness of physical retail stores， and provides a certain theoretical basis and practical value for the transformation and development of omnichannel retail enterprises.

Key words: omnichannel retail, BORP, ROPS, robust control, bullwhip effect

CLC Number:

F273

Chenchen Ge,Jianjun Zhu. Online and Offline Collaborative Omnichannel Retail Supply Chain System Robust Control and Optimization[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(7): 150-162.

Figures/Tables 23

符号	定义
$y m, k$	$k$ 时刻制造商 $m$ 的实际库存量， $y m, k ∈ R n$ 为状态量
$y r, k$	$k$ 时刻实体零售商 $r$ 的实际库存量， $y r, k ∈ R n$ 为状态量
$y c, k$	$k$ 时刻消费者 $c$ 的虚拟库存量， $y c, k ∈ R n$ 为状态量
$u m, k$	$k$ 时刻制造商 $m$ 的生产量， $u m, k ∈ R n$ 为控制输入量
$u r, k$	$k$ 时刻的实体零售商 $r$ 的订货量， $u r, k ∈ R n$ 为控制输入量
$d k$	$k$ 时刻消费者的需求，不确定性变量，为扰动输入变量
$w$	线上直销渠道购买的商品退回制造商的概率
$γ$	线下渠道购买的商品退回实体零售商的概率
$δ$ / $α$	制造商回收的概率/消费者对线上直销渠道的偏好系数
$β$	消费者线上预约线下提货概率（ROPS策略）
$v$	消费者跨渠道退货的概率（BORP策略）
$Z m, k / Z r, k$	$k$ 时刻制造商 $m$ 的实际利润/ $k$ 时刻实体零售商 $r$ 的实际利润，为系统输出量
$p d / p r$	制造商线上销售价格/零售商销售价格
$c m, I / c r, I$	分别为制造商 $m$ 和零售商 $r$ 的单位库存成本
$c m, R / c r, R$	制造商 $m$ 单位回收成本/零售商 $r$ 单位回收成本
$c m, T 1$	制造商 $m$ 线上直销渠道单位退货运输成本
$c m, T 2$	制造商 $m$ 线下分销渠道单位退货运输成本
$c m, o / c m, p$	零售商 $m$ 单位订购成本/制造商 $m$ 单位制造成本
$s$	商品单位残值

参数	值	参数	值
$δ$	0.3	$c m, p$	0.55
$w$	0.1	$c m, R$	0.1
$γ$	0.1	$c r, R$	0.1
$P m$	0.98	$c m, T 1$	0.03
$s$	0.3	$c m, T 2$	0.025
$c m, o$	0.66	$c m, I$	0.015
$c r, I$	0.045

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策略	支付方式	处理退款	优势	劣势
BOPS	线上支付	有延迟	客流量、销售额提升	退款效率低
ROPS	线下支付	无延迟	客流量、销售额提升、退款效率高、缓解线下库存积压	订单取消风险大
BORP	线上支付	无延迟	客流量、销售额提升、退货率和退货成本降低	线下库存增加

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Online and Offline Collaborative Omnichannel Retail Supply Chain System Robust Control and Optimization

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