Abstract: In order to achieve the international goal of energy conservation and carbon reduction, China has actively improved the urban public transport system to control carbon emissions. The urban low-carbon transport system development's influence on the energy consumption structure was discussed by this essay. A random effect variable coefficient model that contains 14 Chinese city's panel data from 2006 to 2016 has been built. It is found that the government can change the demand structure of residents' transportation through public transportation pricing, so as to optimize the energy consumption structure. In urban low-carbon transportation system, railway system plays an improved role in optimizing energy consumption structure. The increase in private car ownership will hinder the optimization of energy consumption structure. The impact of bus on energy consumption structure will vary with the degree of urban development. Improving the urban low-carbon transportation system can optimize the energy consumption structure. The government should expand the fiscal expenditure, improve railway system and make reasonable bus (electric) operation system. In addition, appropriate restrictions should be put on the purchase of private cars with fuel. Meanwhile, preferential policies for public transport and new energy vehicles should be improved.

Key words: low-carbon transport system, energy consumption structure, public transport, new energy vehicles