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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 345-356.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2161

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基于信息间隙决策理论的虚拟电厂低碳需求响应调度模型

李军祥(), 陈鸣, 邵馨平   

  1. 上海理工大学管理学院,上海 200093
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-04 修回日期:2023-02-18 出版日期:2025-04-25 发布日期:2025-04-29
  • 通讯作者: 李军祥 E-mail:lijx@usst.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72071130)

A Low-Carbon Demand Response Dispatch Model for Virtual Power Plants Based on Information Gap Decision Theory

Junxiang Li(), Ming Chen, Xinping Shao   

  1. Business School,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Shanghai 200093,China
  • Received:2022-10-04 Revised:2023-02-18 Online:2025-04-25 Published:2025-04-29
  • Contact: Junxiang Li E-mail:lijx@usst.edu.cn

摘要:

“30·60”双碳背景下,电力系统低碳化可从低碳政策和低碳技术两个方面加以实现。本文综合采用低碳技术与政策两种手段,探究碳减排技术、碳税机制与需求响应机制对虚拟电厂低碳调度的影响,并在此基础上,考虑可再生能源的不确定性下虚拟电厂运营商不同风险态度对调度决策的影响。首先,本文考虑不同的用户特性构建需求响应模型,以电力系统运营商利润最大化为目标构建确定性低碳调度模型。其次,考虑风光出力的不确定性,采用信息间隙决策理论描述不确定变量,构建鲁棒模型与机会模型以探究虚拟电厂运营商不同风险态度下的调度方案,为系统动态运行提供指导意见。最后,采用蒙特卡洛模拟方法生成初始风光出力和用户负荷数据,利用Gurobi优化软件进行仿真模拟。结果表明,所提模型能兼顾系统低碳性、经济性与稳定性,制定合理的碳税价格有利于在保护虚拟电厂运营商经济效益的同时提高社会环境效益,采用科学的态度决定虚拟电厂运营商对于风光不确定性的态度,才能充分发挥鲁棒模型与机会模型的优势。

关键词: 信息间隙决策理论, 低碳技术, 需求响应, Gurobi, 虚拟电厂

Abstract:

Given the context of carbon peak and neutrality targets, the low-carbon power system can be achieved from two aspects: low-carbon policy and low-carbon technology. In this regard, these two methods are considered and the impact of carbon emission reduction technology, carbon tax mechanism, and demand response mechanism on the low-carbon dispatch of virtual power plants (VPP) is explored. On this basis, the impact of various risk attitudes of virtual power plant operators (VPPO) on scheduling decisions under the uncertainty of renewable energy is considered. Firstly, in order to maximize VPPO profits, a demand response model is built that considers various user attributes as well as a deterministic low-carbon dispatching model. Secondly, considering the uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power, the information gap decision theory (IGDT) is used to describe the uncertain variables, and the robust model and opportunity model are constructed to explore the scheduling scheme under different risk attitudes of VPPO, so as to provide guidance for the dynamic operation of the system. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulation method is used to generate the initial wind output, photovoltaic output and user load data, and the Gurobi optimization software is used for simulation. The results show that the low carbon, economy and stability of the system can be obtained in the proposed model, and the establishment of a reasonable carbon tax price is conducive to protecting the economic benefits of the VPPO while improving the social and environmental benefits. Only by adopting a scientific attitude to determine the attitude of the VPPO towards the uncertainty of the scenery can the advantages of the robust model and the opportunity model be fully utilized.

Key words: information gap decision theory, low-carbon technology, demand response, Gurobi, virtual power plants

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