关键词: 能源应急, 应急协同, 先期资源投入, 当期资源投入

Abstract: A large number of stakeholders are involved in the energy emergency process. It is necessary for each region and each department to achieve multi-agent, multi-level, and multi-level collaborative linkages in order to efficiently respond to energy emergency. However, in the current process of China's energy emergency collaboration, the problems of temporary and over-reliance on the government are exposed. At the same time, scholars have relatively little research on energy emergency collaboration. Based on practice and theoretical status, the sudden energy shortage emergency collaboration between the government and the energy supply chain companies is divided into two cases. One is no previous emergency resources investment, and the other is a previous emergency resources investment. To establishing the model, a performance function is adopted to measure the synergistic performance brought by the emergency resources input of the government and the energy supply chain enterprises. It is also introduced variables to indicate the government's participation in the emergency collaboration process, and the compensation coefficient to measure the government's compensation for energy supply chain enterprises. Through the mathematical derivation of the government, the energy supply chain enterprises, and the two parties' common expected revenue function, it is obtained the optimal collaborative participation, optimal resource input, and optimal synergies in both scenarios. With comparative analysis of the two cases, it is showed that the optimal collaborative involvement degree which is affected by marginal collaborative benefit and compensation effort in both cases are same. The compensation effort of government is positively correlated with the collaborative involvement degree of energy supply chain companies, and the collaborative involvement degree of government is negatively correlated with the marginal collaborative benefit of energy supply chain companies. The emergency collaborative resource is positively related with the collaborative involvement degree of government, while negatively related with its compensation effort. The efficient daily emergency resource investment will help improve the current energy emergency collaboration benefit, and vice versa. Through the numerical analysis of examples, the results of the study were verified and explained visually. To improve energy emergency collaboration efficiency, it is recommended that the government should establish normalization emergency management system and clearly define the roles, rational division of labor. It is necessary to accelerate the construction of energy emergency compensation mechanism for mobilizing emergency initiative of energy supply chain enterprises and assuming their more responsibility.

Key words: energy emergency, emergency collaboration, early resource inputs, current resource inputs