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主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 173-183.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.1176

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多源供电模式下企业生产运作与能源管理集成优化研究

崔维伟(),刘新波   

  1. 上海大学管理学院,上海 200444
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-19 修回日期:2020-09-11 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-08-24
  • 通讯作者: 崔维伟 E-mail:cuiww67@shu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目(71801147);上海市浦江人才计划

Integrating Production Planning and Energy Controlling for the Manufacturing Plant with Alternative Power Supplier

Wei-wei CUI(),Xin-bo LIU   

  1. School of Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China
  • Received:2020-06-19 Revised:2020-09-11 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-08-24
  • Contact: Wei-wei CUI E-mail:cuiww67@shu.edu.cn

摘要:

由于绝大部分的工业能耗归结于生产制造环节,将可再生能源作为生产车间的供电方式,可以促进可再生能源大力推广以缓解当前由于化石能源的大量使用而造成的环境污染问题。本研究以具有可再生能源供电系统的生产车间为研究对象,秉承“分布式发电、自产自销”的理念,关注包含生产车间、可再生能源发电、储电构成的微电网系统及其与外部电网之间的关联。首先,以最小化实时电价下的电费总成本为优化目标,建立了集成生产调度、设备维护、电量分配的企业运作管理问题的混合整数规划数学模型。其次,对决策变量进行分类,设计了基于遗传算法、启发式规则、子问题精确算法相结合的元启发式搜索算法;在外层对生产调度、设备维护相关变量进行迭代搜索,在内层利用最小费用流求解最优的电量分配方案。通过与CPLEX求解结果及有效低界的对比,验证了所设计算法在运行时间及求解精度上的有效性。与两种车间中独立决策策略相比较,在各种不同场景的平均表现上,集成模型可以节省大约40%的购电费用。最优运作方案显示,生产等高能耗活动应尽可能安排在低电价时段进行,但考虑到工件加工的不可中断性以及交货期的约束,设备也不可避免地需要在某些高电价时段运转。此时可以前摄性地预留部分可再生能源产电量,将其存储在储能系统之中,并按需合理分配,以有效减少企业在高电价时段的购电行为。

关键词: 生产调度, 设备维护, 实时电价, 可再生能源

Abstract:

It is reported that most of the industrial energy consumption is attributed to the manufacturing process. The application of renewable energy resources in the manufacturing plant can contribute to alleviating the environmental pollution problems caused by the massive use of fossil fuels. It focuses on the micro-grid system including the manufacturing plant, renewable energy generation system and power storage system. Apart from the power generated by the renewable resources, additional power from the main electric grid is necessary in order to satisfy the power demand of manufacturing line at any time. A mixed integer linear programming model integrating production scheduling, maintenance planning and energy controlling is established to minimize the total power cost of manufacturing plant under the real-time electricity price. The power generated by the renewable resources can be discharged to the manufacturing plant or stored in the storage system who has a limited maximum storage level. The price per unit of power drawn from the main grid depends on the time period. And, the unit price during the peak hours is higher than that during the valley hours. Based on the classification of decision variables, a two-layer algorithm combining the genetic algorithm, heuristic rules and sub-problem exact algorithm is designed to solve the model. In the out layer, the variables related to the production and maintenances are searched in the meta-heuristic according to the evaluation results obtained from the inner layer. In the inner layer, the variables related to the energy are optimized using the minimum cost network flow algorithm. Compared with CPLEX, the effectiveness and the efficiency of designed GA are validated in the numerical experiments. Since CPLEX cannot get the optimal solutions for the large-sized problems, an effective algorithm based on relaxation method is designed to get the lower bound for the problem. The gap between the lower bound and the solution obtained by GA is smaller than 10%, which also validates the effectiveness of designed GA. Compared with the traditional independent decision-making policies, the total power cost can be reduced by 40 percent using our model. The optimal operational plan shows that production should be arranged to the period with low electricity price since production is a kind of activity consuming energy heavily. However, it is inevitable to process the jobs during the high-price hours considering the non-preemption of jobs and the constraint of production deadline. Therefore, the power generated by the renewable energy system should be proactively stored in the storage system and then discharged to the manufacturing plant during the corresponding period. Thus, the existence of renewable resources can help the company decrease the behavior of electricity purchasing during the high-price hours effectively, which will improve its competiveness in the fierce market.

Key words: production planning, preventive maintenance, real-time price, renewable resource

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