关键词: 碳减排技术, 闭环供应链, 多阶段, 网络均衡

Abstract: Environmental problems including the greenhouse effect and shortage of energy are becoming severe. Reducing the carbon emission and saving resources in supply chain networks are regarded as an important issue in protecting the environment. Various carbon emission reduction technologies should be invested by all participants in supply chain networks and the process of product recycling should be intervened by the government. In this paper, based on these viewpoints, a competitive model composed by manufacturers, freight carriers, retailers, consumers, and recyclers for a multistage green closed-loop supply chain is presented. In the model, in consideration of the carbon emission reduction technologies, mandatory recycling amount from the government, and conversion rate of end-of-life products, the profit of each participant is maximized. According to the analysis of each participant's decision behavior, the equilibrium conditions are given and then transformed into a mixed complementarity problem. That is, the equilibrium strategies may be obtained by solving this mixed complementarity problem. The numerical results given in the paper reveal the following issues:(1) Product cycle may be stimulated due to the increasing number of stages in supply chain networks so as to raise the effective utilization of resources. (2) The amounts of green technology invested by the participants increase as the number of stages increases. (3) The more surplus value the end-of-life products exist, the higher ratio of the remanufactured product is and the more end-of-life products manufacturers are devoted to remanufacturers. (4) The incentives for recycling subsidies are more significant when the amount of mandatory recycling is lower.

Key words: carbon emission reduction technology, closed-loop supply chain, multiperiod, network equilibrium