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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 59-68.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0787

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明确问题的系统化分析方法:双下降螺旋法

党延忠1, 胡德强1(), 杨希林1, 李东2   

  1. 1.大连理工大学系统工程研究所,辽宁 大连 116024
    2.国家自然科学基金委员会信息中心,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-17 修回日期:2024-08-24 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 胡德强 E-mail:deqianghu@dlut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(71871041);国家自然科学基金重点项目(72231010)

A Structured Analysis Method to Clarifying Problem: Double Descent Spiral Method

Yanzhong Dang1, Deqiang Hu1(), Xilin Yang1, Dong Li2   

  1. 1.Institute of Systems Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China
    2.ChinaInformation Center of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2023-05-17 Revised:2024-08-24 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Deqiang Hu E-mail:deqianghu@dlut.edu.cn

摘要:

“明确问题”是解决问题的前提,然而,现实中的问题最初往往是笼统的、混沌的,很难看清问题的结构和关系,给解决问题带来极大困惑。“明确问题”是指弄清问题的内部要素、关系和外部影响因素及关系的分析过程,达到使问题结构化的目的。可是,对于“明确问题”目前还没有可操作的形式化方法。本文从系统思想出发,利用结构建模过程,提出了“明确问题”的一个形式化、系统化、结构化的可操作方法。通过疑问系统和依托系统自上而下的交互推进来完成明确问题的任务,故名曰“双下降螺旋法”。并以科学基金评审表格改进问题为实例验证了这个方法的适用性。

关键词: 问题, 明确问题, 结构建模, 系统分析, 双下降螺旋法, 科学基金

Abstract:

“Clarifying problem” is the premise of solving a problem. However, in reality, the problem is often vague and chaotic at the beginning. It is difficult to recognize the structure and relationship of the problem, which brings great confusion to the solution of the problem. “Clarifying problem” refers to the process of identifying the internal elements, internal relationships and the external factors, external relationships of a problem, for the purpose of structuring the problem. However, there exists no formal and operational method for the “clarifying problem”. In this paper, a formal, systematic and structural analysis method of “clarifying problem” is put forwarded by using the process of structural modeling. The process of clarifying the problem is accomplished through the interactive top-down advancement of the questioning system and the relying system, hence it is named “double descent spiral method” (DDSM). The application of the method is illustrated with the example of improving the evaluation form of science fund.

Key words: clarifying problem, structural modeling, system analysis, double descent spiral method, science foundation

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