主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 315-325.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0184

• • 上一篇    下一篇

采购价格波动下时间依赖型供应链协调机制研究

李建斌1, 戴云晶1, 周水银1, 侯西洋2()   

  1. 1.华中科技大学管理学院,湖北 武汉 430074
    2.长沙理工大学经济与管理学院,湖南 长沙 410076
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-08 修回日期:2024-01-11 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 侯西洋 E-mail:houxiyang79737@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3308300);华中科技大学文科双一流建设项目基金项目(2021WKFZZX008);国家自然科学基金项目(72071085);湖南省自然科学基金青年项目(2024JJ6073);武汉市科学技术协会科技创新智库项目(WHKX202402)

Research on Coordination Mechanism of Time-Dependent Supply Chain under Procurement Price Fluctuations

Jianbin Li1, Yunjing Dai1, Shuiyin Zhou1, Xiyang Hou2()   

  1. 1.School of Management,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China
    2.School of Economics and Management,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410076,China
  • Received:2023-02-08 Revised:2024-01-11 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-09-01
  • Contact: Xiyang Hou E-mail:houxiyang79737@163.com

摘要:

受不稳定国际政治形势、新冠疫情等因素影响,企业在采购环节面临诸多不确定因素,特别是采购价格的波动对企业绩效产生重要影响。本文考虑由一个零售商和一个供应商组成的两级供应链,通过引入几何布朗运动(GBM)来描述采购价格的波动,分析了供应链决策主体在采购价格波动下的最佳采购决策,即最佳订购量和最佳订购时间,并且设计了两种新型契约:依赖时间的批发价格契约(time-dependent wholesale price,TWP)和依赖时间的收益共享契约(time-dependent revenue sharing,TRS)。与传统的批发价格契约(wholesale price,WP)和收益共享契约(revenue sharing,RS)不同,TWP和TRS契约充分考虑了零售商的采购时间。研究结果表明,TWP契约并不能实现供应链协调,而TRS契约在特定条件下可以协调供应链。进一步的研究结果表明,TRS契约中批发价格因子和收益分配比率与零售商的订货时间紧密相关。通过对比TWP和TRS契约,发现当产品销售价格相对较高且采购价格呈上升(下降)趋势时,零售商在TRS契约下倾向于更晚(更早)地订购商品。最后,对TRS与TWP契约下供应商和零售商利润进行数值分析,发现TRS契约下零售商与供应商可实现卡尔多—希克斯和帕累托改进。

关键词: 供应链协调机制, 采购价格波动, 几何布朗运动, 依赖时间的批发价格契约, 依赖时间的收益共享契约

Abstract:

In the face of the continuously growing demand for customization, many enterprises are focusing on assembling components, outsourcing high-cost production tasks to specialized original equipment manufacturers, who are responsible for procuring the corresponding raw materials. However, influenced by various factors such as the unstable international political situation and the recurring outbreaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, prices of certain raw materials fluctuate frequently, directly impacting the prices and demand for the final products. Against this backdrop, a two-tier supply chain composed of a retailer (i.e., assembly enterprise) and a supplier (i.e., original equipment manufacturer) is considered. Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) is introduced to depict the volatility in procurement prices. A joint procurement quantity and procurement timing decision model, based on the fluctuation of procurement prices, is established, using centralized decision-making as a benchmark. Two novel contracts are designed: the time-dependent wholesale price contract (TWP) and the time-dependent revenue-sharing contract (TRS). Unlike traditional wholesale price contracts (WP) and revenue-sharing contracts (RS), TWP and TRS contracts fully take into account the retailer's procurement time. Research results indicate that the TWP contract fails to achieve supply chain coordination, while the TRS contract can coordinate the supply chain under specific conditions. Further research results suggest that in the TRS contract, the wholesale price factor and revenue allocation ratio are closely related to the retailer's ordering time. By comparing TWP and TRS contracts, it is found that when the product selling price is relatively high and the procurement price is trending upward (or downward), retailers tend to place orders later (or earlier) under the TRS contract. Finally, through numerical analysis of the profits of suppliers and retailers under TRS and TWP contracts, it is discovered that retailers and suppliers can achieve both Kaldor-Hicks and Pareto improvements under the TRS contract. It enriches the theoretical framework of supply chain coordination mechanisms and is beneficial for supply chain enterprises to establish more self-interested and mutually beneficial relationships in a complex and dynamic market environment.

Key words: supply chain coordination mechanism, fluctuation in procurement prices, geometric brownian motion, time-dependent wholesale price contracts, time-dependent revenue sharing contracts

中图分类号: