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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 65-75.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1314cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1314

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防范共谋的逆向拍卖采购机制设计

刘涛1, 张菊亮1(), 刘运辉2,3   

  1. 1.北京交通大学经济管理学院,北京 100044
    2.教育部人文社科重点基地 清华大学现代管理研究中心,北京 100084
    3.清华大学经济管理学院,北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-15 修回日期:2023-02-05 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 张菊亮 E-mail:zhangjl@bjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72171016)

Designing a Collusion-proof Reverse Auction Procurement Mechanism

Tao Liu1, Juliang Zhang1(), Yunhui Liu2,3   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China
    2.Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Universities,Research Center for Contemporary Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
    3.School of Economics and Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • Received:2022-06-15 Revised:2023-02-05 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: Juliang Zhang E-mail:zhangjl@bjtu.edu.cn

摘要:

本文研究防范供应商共谋的逆向拍卖采购机制设计问题。考虑采购商需要采购多单位可分割同质物品,供应商只有单位供应能力,供应商有可能进行共谋。作为benchmark,首先研究了多单位可分割同质物品的逆向拍卖采购基础模型,分析该模型下供应商的均衡投标策略以及基于同价拍卖的机制实现。然后研究供应商之间存在共谋时的逆向拍卖采购模型,分析供应商的均衡投标策略和采购商的期望收益。进一步设计了能防范共谋的逆向拍卖—谈判两阶段采购机制,证明了该机制具有个人理性、激励相容和数量约束,并且能防范供应商参与共谋。最后,通过数值实验验证了共谋防范机制的可行性和有效性。该机制可为企业采购决策提供指导意见,降低企业采购成本。

关键词: 逆向拍卖, 采购机制设计, 共谋防范, 谈判

Abstract:

Recent years, more and more firms adopt reverse auctions to procure products and service because reverse auctions are efficient and can help firms reduce their purchase costs. However, the suppliers’ collusion can make the reverse auction to be inefficient and hurt the buyer. Moreover, the suppliers’ collusion is ubiquitous in reality. Then designing collusion-proof reverse auction mechanism is a very important problem for the buyers to adopt them. In this paper, the designing problem of a collusion-proof reverse auction procurement mechanism, which can prevent suppliers from’ collusion, is considered. A buyer wants to buy multi-unit divisible homogeneous goods and some potential suppliers have one-unit supply capacity. As a benchmark, the standard reverse auction model (under which the suppliers bid independently) with multi-unit divisible homogeneous goods is studied, and the suppliers’ equilibrium bidding strategies and the single-price auction implementation are analyzed. Then, the reverse auction procurement model, where the suppliers will collude biding, is studied. And the suppliers’ equilibrium bidding strategy and the buyer’s expectation profit are obtained. Furthermore, a collusion-proof reverse auction procurement mechanism (two-stage auction-negotiation mechanism) is designed. The mechanism is showed to be individually rational, incentive-compatible and to meet quantity constraint. Moreover, the suppliers cannot gain more from collusion under this mechanism, so that they have no incentive to collude biding. Numerical experiments are conducted to show the effectiveness of the collusion-proof mechanism. It can provide guidance for companies’ procurement and reduce the procurement costs.

Key words: reverse auction, procurement mechanism design, collusion-proof, negotiation

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