领导和管理的时空理论

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2017.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本文提出了一个关于组织的新比喻，将组织比喻成时空系统，包含时间和空间因素。基于这个比喻，本文提出了领导和管理的时空理论，即领导者和管理者可以从时间和空间的视角来认识、分析和设计组织。其中，时间视角包含学习和创新两个方面，即传承和变革。空间视角包含层次和维度两个方面，一方面，组织系统在空间上可以从微观到宏观划分为多个层次，如个体、群体、组织等，且多层次之间是相互作用的；另一方面，组织系统在空间上可以划分为方法维度和资源维度等，方法维度包括目标和方法系统、利益和权力系统以及信仰和价值观系统等，资源维度包括人力系统、物力系统和财力系统等，且维度之间是相互作用的。本文提出了一系列的理论观点，并提供了若干个简化模型和相应的方法和措施，还特别强调了组织分析和设计的四维度理论和方法。本文指出，领导者和管理者在分析和设计组织时，要建立时空领导力，提高时空情商和时空智商，提升时空智慧，应该系统地考虑时间和空间两种视角，同时也要抓住重点因素，从而使得组织提高成效，减少决策偏差，得到决策的更满意解，建立竞争优势，保持可持续的生存和健康和谐的发展。进而，领导者和管理者要努力做到“知微知彰”、“知柔知刚”、“知常知变”，通过“知行合一”，促进“天人合一”和社会和谐，以建设更美好的社会。

关键词: 领导, 管理, 时空理论, 时空系统, 多层次管理, 多维度管理, 动态化管理, 组织分析和设计的四维度理论, 时空智慧, 时空领导力

Abstract: In this paper, a new metaphor of organization is proposed. Organizations could be seen as Time-Space Systems, including time and space factors. Based on this metaphor, a time-space theory of leadership and management, which shows that leaders and managers can analyze organizations from a time-space perspective, namely in the dimensions of time and space,is proposed. Time perspective includes learning and innovation. Space perspective includes level and dimension perspective. Organizational system could be divided into several levels from micro to macro, such as individual, group, organization and so on. All levels are interacted with each other. Organizational system could also be divided into method dimension which includes goal and approach system, interest and power system, belief and value system, and so on,and resource dimension which includes human capital, material capital, financial capital,and so on. The paper put forwards a series of theoretical propositions and practical methodologies. Several simplified models and the related tools are proposed, and then four-dimensional theory of organizational analysis and design is articulated. Leaders and managers should build up their time-space leadership and enhance their time-space emotional quotient, intelligence quotient and time-space wisdom. Leaders and managers should not only analyze and design organizations in a systematic view but also grasp some key factors, in order to improve organizational effectiveness, decrease bias and get more satisfactory solutions for decision making, build competitive advantage, and maintain sustainability, as well as harmonious and healthy development. Further, leaders and managers should make great efforts to know both micro and macro, both softness and hardness, both constant and change, and then reach a state of the unity of knowing and doing, and improve the unity of human and heaven and harmoniousness of society, and then build a better society.

Key words: leadership, management, time-space theory, time-space system, multi-level management, multi-dimension management, dynamic management, four-dimensional theory of organizational analysis and design, time-space wisdom, time-space leadership

中图分类号:

C936

陈国权. 领导和管理的时空理论[J]. 中国管理科学, 2017, 25(1): 181-196.

CHEN Guo-quan. Time-Space Theory of Leadership and Management[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2017, 25(1): 181-196.

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