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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 141-151.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.2130

• • 上一篇    

基于普通顾客公平偏好的非垄断系统服务机制与定价研究

马宝妹1,刘思峰1,刘健2()   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学经济管理学院, 江苏 南京 211106
    2.南京理工大学经济管理学院, 江苏 南京 210094
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-14 修回日期:2021-07-07 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘健 E-mail:jianlau@njust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(71671091)

Service Mechanism and Pricing Based on Fairness Preference of Regular Customers for Non-Monopoly System

Baomei Ma1,Sifeng Liu1,Jian Liu2()   

  1. 1.College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106, China
    2.School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
  • Received:2020-11-14 Revised:2021-07-07 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-06
  • Contact: Jian Liu E-mail:jianlau@njust.edu.cn

摘要:

由于顾客单位等待时间成本的不同,服务提供商通常提供普通队列和优先权队列的分类服务,让顾客在两个队列中进行选择。为了给予优先权顾客更短的等待时间,普通顾客的等待时间会延长,这也会导致不同队列顾客的服务价值差异,进而引发普通顾客不公平感。普通顾客的不公平感知会影响他们在排队系统中的行为,并对服务提供商的收益产生影响。本文以非抢占式M/M/1非垄断排队系统为背景,将普通顾客对不公平的感知建模为心理负效用,该负效用与两个队列的预期等待时间差值成正比。从企业收益最大化视角研究了顾客分类和定价的最优策略。研究结果表明,考虑到顾客对排队系统的公平感知,当普通顾客价值较低时,企业应采取可观测的分类服务,随着顾客公平偏好的增加,所有顾客都应进入优先权队列;当普通顾客价值较高时,服务提供商应取消顾客分类服务费用,仅保留一个队列或采取非可观测的分类服务。本文研究确定了在哪些条件下,普通顾客的公平感知会进一步增加或减少服务提供商的收益,为企业制定合理的服务定价策略提供了重要的价值。

关键词: 服务运作, 排队论, 非垄断服务系统, 异质性, 公平偏好, 收益管理

Abstract:

Service providers often adopt customer segmentation strategies in the presence of heterogeneous customers (hold different waiting costs). However, when the service operates as a queuing system, network externality among all the customers makes segmentation tricky: shorter wait time provided to one customer type must come at the expense of others, as segmentation redistributes waiting time from higher- to lower-priority customers. Moreover, when customers can compare wait time received by different customer types, customers receiving a worse wait time than expected, due to having a lower service priority, may experience a fairness perception effect that may cause customers to transfer, switch, or balk within the service system, then affect the service provider’s revenue. The first exact analysis of a service provider offering two classes of non-preemptive priority service is provided, which considers both customer perception of fairness and the heterogeneous of service values.First, customers’ fairness perception is modelled as a negative utility (i.e.,α(W2-W1)) on the regular customer proportional to the waiting time difference between the two queues (i.e.,W2-W1) and the parameter of fairness (i.e.,α). Then, the perspective of revenue and a non-monopoly system in which customers can leave the system freely are considered. The findings indicate that whether a service provider should use customer segmentation depends on the value of regular customers and customer’s fairness perception. At first, the service provider should adopt two queues and keep the priority queue and regular queue in relative proximity to present the advantages of shorter waiting times in priority services when the value of regular customers is small, and fairness is weak. With an increasing fairness preference, however, the service provider should maintain only priority service. Considering customer's fairness, it is found that if the value of regular customers is large, a profit-maximizing service provider should cancel the priority fee and induce all the customers to enter priority or keep a regular queue only. Finally, the properties of optimal results are analyzed with the existing results, and then management insight is proposed.The findings are verified by numerical simulation, and this research focuses on the scientific mechanism of classification service and the corresponding optimal service pricing, providing a more practical motivation. The findings confirm the extant research on customer segmentation and the benefits of offering differentiated service and pricing, while also challenging some commonly accepted notions and practices.

Key words: service operation, queuing, non-monopoly system, heterogeneity, fairness, revenue management

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