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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 63-72.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1272

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中国内外资企业双向溢出的就业效应分析

侯俊军1,2, 岳诺亚1, 岳有福2(), 叶家柏1   

  1. 1.湖南大学经济与贸易学院,湖南 长沙 410079
    2.湖南工商大学经济与贸易学院,湖南 长沙 410205
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-09 修回日期:2023-06-20 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-04
  • 通讯作者: 岳有福 E-mail:youfuyue@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目(17ZDA099);湖南省社会科学基金重大项目(23ZDAJ004)

Analysis on the Employment Effect of Two-way Spillovers Between Domestic-owned and Foreign-owned Enterprises in China

Junjun Hou1,2, Nuoya Yue1, Youfu Yue2(), Jiabai Ye1   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University,Changsha 410079,China
    2.School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China
  • Received:2022-06-09 Revised:2023-06-20 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-04
  • Contact: Youfu Yue E-mail:youfuyue@126.com

摘要:

生产分工的日益复杂给决策者带来了一个紧迫的挑战。借助于OECD—AMNE数据库,本文首次将企业异质性纳入溢出—反馈效应模型,测度了2005—2016年中国内资企业和外资企业就业的乘数效应、溢出效应和反馈效应,重新审视了外资企业在中国就业创造中发挥的作用。结果表明,中国内资企业和外资企业对彼此就业都具有重要的溢出性影响,其中,内资企业对外资企业的就业溢出效应不断上升,而外资企业对内资企业的就业溢出效应呈波动下降趋势。相比外资企业本身企业间互动关联对其就业的影响,在华外资企业就业更多受到中国内资企业的外溢性影响。传统统计数据低估了外资企业在就业创造中的作用,考虑到企业间的互动关联,在华外资企业平均每年拉动了中国10%的就业。具体到内资企业各部门,农业(AGR)、贸易和运输业(TTC)以及高技术制造业(HTI)的就业受外资企业的溢出性影响较大;而对于外资企业各部门,邮政、电信、金融和商业服务业(FBS)、贸易和运输业(TTC)以及高技术制造业(HTI)的就业受内资企业的溢出性影响较大。进一步,与外资企业相关的就业创造主要集中在服务业,尤其是贸易和运输业(TTC)。本文的研究结果不仅丰富了对跨国企业投资影响一国就业的理解,而且也为落实稳市场主体保就业政策提供了有益的理论依据。

关键词: 内外资企业, 企业间互动关联, 溢出效应, 就业

Abstract:

Employment is pivotal to people’s wellbeing. In an era of unprecedented change, stabilizing market entities has become a key factor in “stabilizing employment and ensuring living standards” in China. As vital market players, both domestic-owned enterprises (DOEs) and foreign-owned enterprises (FOEs) play an irreplaceable role in stabilizing employment. Analyzing the employment effects of these enterprises and their economic linkages can provide valuable insights for policymakers in designing policies. Based on the OECD-AMNE and OECD-TiM database, for the first time, firm heterogeneity is incorporated into the spillover-feedback effects model, and vectors are compiled that distinguish employment in DOEs and FOEs. The employment effects of economic linkages between DOEs and FOEs in China from 2005-2016 are captured in this paper, with a particular focus on multiplier, spillover, and feedback effects, and a fresh look at the role played by FOEs in employment creation in China. The results show that both DOEs and FOEs in China have significant spillover effects on each other’s employment. Among them, the employment effects through spillover effects keep rising constantly for DOEs to FOEs, while these employment effects fall in fluctuation for FOEs to DOEs. Traditional statistical data underestimate the role of FOEs in employment creation. However, when considering the interaction between heterogeneous enterprises, FOEs in China contribute an average of 10% of national employment each year. Specifically, in various sectors of DOEs, the employment of Agriculture (AGR), Trade and Transportation (TTC), and High-tech manufacturing sector (HTI) is greatly affected by the spillover effect of FOEs, while for various sectors of FOEs, the employment of Postal, Telecommunications, Financial and Business Services (FBS), Trade and Transportation (TTC), and High-Tech manufacturing sector (HTI) is greatly affected by the spillover effect of DOEs. Furthermore, the employment creation related to FOEs is mainly concentrated in the service industry, especially Trade and Transportation (TTC). The research results not only enrich the understanding of the impact of international investment by multinational enterprises on a country’s employment, but also provide a useful theoretical basis for the government to keep the operations of market entities stable and maintain employment stable.

Key words: domestic-owned and foreign-owned enterprises, the interaction between enterprises, spillover effects, employment

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