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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 151-161.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0763cstr: 32146.14/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.0763

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差异化隐私数据保护政策下的厂商数据利用策略研究

綦勇1, 侯泽敏2(), 曹金霞1   

  1. 1.东北大学工商管理学院,辽宁 沈阳 110169
    2.湘潭大学商学院,湖南 湘潭 411105
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-12 修回日期:2022-10-07 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-04-07
  • 通讯作者: 侯泽敏 E-mail:hzm0928@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(71873027);国家自然科学基金青年项目(72403218);教育部人文社会科学基金规划项目(23YJA790062);教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目(24YJC790060);中国科协高端智库青年项目(2021ZZZLFZB1207095)

The Data Usage Strategy Choice of Firms under the Differentiated Privacy Protection Policy

Yong Qi1, Zemin Hou2(), Jinxia Cao1   

  1. 1.School of Business Administration,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China
    2.Business School,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,China
  • Received:2022-04-12 Revised:2022-10-07 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-04-07
  • Contact: Zemin Hou E-mail:hzm0928@163.com

摘要:

大数据和人工智能技术的应用,推动消费者一方面享受精准推荐或创新性产品;另一方面面临“大数据杀熟”等企业数据滥用行为,数据利用与数据保护的矛盾愈发广泛,并引致差异化隐私数据保护政策。本文依托于水平差异化双寡头模型,考虑具有不同数据利用能力厂商的价格竞争,求解隐私数据保护政策下厂商定价均衡及其对社会福利的影响,阐明不同程度隐私数据保护政策的适用条件。结果表明:消费者剩余和生产者剩余最优不能同时实现,无保护和强保护政策可以实现社会次优。优势厂商数据利用能力较弱时,自愿性保护下消费者剩余最优,反之,生产者剩余最优。与以往研究认为个性化定价对企业不利的结论不同,本文认为,数据利用优势企业可能会通过歧视定价占据更大的市场。因此,政府对数据的保护是必要的,但不是绝对的,需依托不同行业的数据利用能力实现数据保护。

关键词: 隐私关切, 一级价格歧视, 隐私数据保护, 水平差异化双寡头模型

Abstract:

In the era of digital economy, with the application of big data and artificial intelligence technology, data has become an important strategic element for firms to compete. On the one hand, firms can provide consumers with targeted recommendations or innovative products; on the other hand, firms implement the “big data discriminatory pricing” to grab consumers’surplus. With this in mind, the controversy between data utilization and data protection becomes more and more extensive, which also leads to differentiated privacy protection policy, namely no protection policy, voluntary protection policy and mandatory protection policy.The existence of the privacy protection policy brings severe challenges to firms’ pricing decisions and data usage decisions. If the mandatory protection policy is implemented, the data application behavior of firms is strictly forbidden, and firms have to conduct unified pricing. If the voluntary protection policy is implemented, consumers can choose whether to disclose personal data to firms. If the no protection policy is implemented, the high ability enterprise can conduct the first-degree price discrimination.The price competition of firms is analyzed with different data usage capabilities based on the horizontal differentiated duopoly model, to solve the pricing equilibrium and social welfare under the different protection policy, and to clarify the implementation conditions of the different levels of protection policy. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The consumer surplus maximization and producer surplus maximization can’t be achieved simultaneously, and the second-best can be achieved under no protection policy and mandatory protection policy. (2) When the data usage advantage is low, the consumer surplus is maximized under the voluntary protection policy, otherwise, the producer surplus is maximized. (3) Different from the previous studies which claim that price discrimination worsens the profits of firms, enterprise can enlarge the market scale through data utilization.The important theoretical innovation of this paper is to provide an insightful framework, find some reasonable results which are new to the existing literature, and supplement the relevant literature in the fields of data protection and data utilization. The data protection is necessary, but not absolute. The implement of data protection policy needs to rely on the data utilization ability of different industries and consumers privacy concerns.

Key words: privacy concerns, first-degree price discrimination, privacy data protection, the horizontal differentiated duopoly model

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