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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 163-174.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.2770

• • 上一篇    

需求不确定下的航运企业区块链投资时机决策研究

武杰,刘家国()   

  1. 大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院,辽宁 大连 116026
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-10 修回日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2024-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘家国 E-mail:liujiaguo@gmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金资助重点项目(22AGL020);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(3132022608)

Research on Investment Timing Decision of Blockchain for Shipping Companies under Demand Uncertainty

Jie WU,Jia-guo LIU()   

  1. School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China
  • Received:2022-07-10 Revised:2023-03-30 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2024-01-06
  • Contact: Jia-guo LIU E-mail:liujiaguo@gmail.com

摘要:

区块链技术因其独特优势,已成为推动航运业数字化转型的重要工具。然而,考虑到市场竞争以及货运需求不确定等因素,何时投资区块链成为了航运企业决策的难题。针对区块链在航运业的应用问题,以投资区块链前后航运企业间竞争形式的变化为切入点,构建了不同竞争场景下的时机决策模型。基于实物期权理论,探究了航运企业的区块链投资时机策略,并通过拓展分析验证了模型的鲁棒性。研究结果表明:在激烈价格竞争环境下,航运企业提前投资区块链的动力越强,服务竞争的作用效果则相反;面对不同的需求、技术和竞争环境,航运企业可以采取差异化的区块链投资时机策略;政府补贴可以为航运企业提前投资区块链提供动力,高额的运行成本则会阻碍区块链推广进程。

关键词: 区块链, 航运企业, 需求不确定, 投资时机, 实物期权理论

Abstract:

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology, its decentralized, paperless, open, and transparent features can increase the trust among shipping companies and improve the efficiency of shipping business clearance, which is popular among modern shipping companies. At present, some shipping companies have already carried out the practice of blockchain, a typical example is the cooperation between shipping giant Maersk and IBM to improve the service level of the shipping business through blockchain. However, in the actual operation of shipping enterprises, due to the impact of geopolitics, COVID-19, technological change, climate change and other factors, there are many uncertainties in the global freight demand and the application of blockchain technology, especially in the face of fierce competition in the market, when to adopt blockchain has become a big problem troubling the operation of shipping companies. In this background, aiming at the application problem of blockchain in shipping companies, the change of competition form among shipping companies before and after the adoption of blockchain is taken as the entry point, the timing decision model is constructed under different competition scenarios, and uses real options theory to explore the investment timing strategy of blockchain for shipping companies under freightdemand uncertainty. In addition, we use numerical analysis to further explore the impact of different market and technological environments on the investment timing strategy of blockchain for shipping companies, and verify the robustness of the model through extended analysis. It shows that the stronger the incentive for shipping companies to invest blockchain early in a competitive price environment, and conversely, the weaker the incentive for shipping companies to invest blockchain early in a competitive service environment. Further discussion reveals that shipping companies can adopt differentiated blockchain investment timing strategies in the face of different demands, technologies as well as competitive environments. Then, the extended analysis reveals that government subsidies can provide incentives for shipping companies to invest blockchain in advance, while high operating costs can hinderthe blockchain promotion process. Finally, this paper provides forward policies and suggestions for governments and shipping companies to accelerate the application of blockchain technology from the perspectives of market competition, market demand, and technical environment.

Key words: blockchain, shipping companies, uncertain demand, investment timing, real option theory

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