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中国管理科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 315-323.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.2618

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考虑生鲜农产品“最先一公里”损耗的预冷站选址定容

马祖军1(),王一然2   

  1. 1.浙江财经大学管理学院, 浙江 杭州 310018
    2.西南交通大学经济管理学院, 四川 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15 修回日期:2022-03-11 出版日期:2024-02-25 发布日期:2024-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 马祖军 E-mail:zjma@zufe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(72071164);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1601401);四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2023NSFSC0517)

Optimal Location and Capacity of Pre-cooling Facilities Considering the First-Mile Loss of Fresh Agri-products

Zujun Ma1(),Yiran Wang2   

  1. 1.School of Management, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou 310018, China
    2.School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
  • Received:2021-12-15 Revised:2022-03-11 Online:2024-02-25 Published:2024-03-06
  • Contact: Zujun Ma E-mail:zjma@zufe.edu.cn

摘要:

作为冷链“最先一公里”的产地预冷是影响生鲜农产品品质的关键。本文考虑多类生鲜农产品采摘后从产地→预冷站→物流中心的物流过程中的损耗,为之建立适合其预冷需求的相应类型预冷站,并考虑各类预冷站建设和运营中的规模经济效应,进行预冷站布局优化,包括同时确定预冷站的数量、位置、类型和容量。由此建立了一种混合整数线性规划模型,并根据模型特点设计了一种遗传算法进行求解,最后通过数值分析验证了所提模型和算法的有效性,并以成都市的生鲜农产品预冷站布局优化为例进行了实例验证。结果表明,生鲜农产品“最先一公里”损耗情况和预冷站建设中的规模经济效应均会显著影响预冷站布局,实践中应结合生鲜农产品特性和预冷站建设的技术经济指标进行预冷站选址优化决策。

关键词: 生鲜农产品, 预冷站, 选址, 遗传算法

Abstract:

High loss rate has always been a pain point in the circulation of fresh agri-products. As the “First Mile” of cold chains, pre-cooling is the key to affecting the quality of fresh agri-products. In recent years, the construction of pre-cooling facilities in producing areas has been promoted in China. However, due to the difficulty of constructing pre-cooling stations in traditional building forms in fields, centralized pre-cooling is mostly adopted in regions where conditions permit. However, centralized pre-cooling stations are generally far away from the producing area of agri-products. If their locations are not reasonable, the loss rate of fresh agri-products will remain high. Therefore, it is necessary to find the best location scheme of pre-cooling stations considering the “First Mile” loss of fresh agri-products, so as to effectively reduce the loss and logistics costs in the circulation of agri-products. Although little literature has considered the pre-cooling station location problem, only the number and location of pre-cooling stations are considered. However, the type and capacity of pre-cooling stations are not involved. Moreover, different pre-cooling methods for different types of fresh agri-products are not considered, and the “First Mile” loss from producing areas to pre-cooling stations is ignored. Economies of scale in the construction of pre-cooling stations are also not considered.In this paper, the loss of multi-type fresh agri-products after being picked in the logistics process of producing areas→pre-cooling facilities→logistics centers is considered, and corresponding pre-cooling facilities suitable for their pre-cooling needs is built. By considering the economies of scale in the construction and operations of various pre-cooling facilities, a mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to optimize the layout of pre-cooling facilities and determine the number, location, type, and capacity of pre-cooling facilities. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model according to its characteristics. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm are verified by numerical experiments and a case study on the optimal layout of pre-cooling facilities for fresh agri-products in Chengdu. The results show that the first-mile loss of fresh agri-products and the economies of scale in the construction of pre-cooling facilities will significantly affect the location of pre-cooling facilities. In practice, it is necessary to combine the characteristics of fresh agri-products and the technical and economic indicators of constructing pre-cooling facilities to optimize their locations.

Key words: fresh agri-products, pre-cooling facility, location, genetic algorithm

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