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中国管理科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 40-48.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2020.2269

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基金流动性风险的动态防控策略

王丹阳1,姚禄仕2()   

  1. 1.复旦大学管理学院,上海 200433
    2.合肥工业大学管理学院,安徽 合肥 230009
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-29 修回日期:2021-03-12 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 姚禄仕 E-mail:yaolushi@ sina.com

Mutual Funds' Dynamic Liquidity Risk Management

Dan-yang WANG1,Lu-shi YAO2()   

  1. 1.School of Management, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
    2.School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • Received:2020-11-29 Revised:2021-03-12 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-03
  • Contact: Lu-shi YAO E-mail:yaolushi@ sina.com

摘要:

开放式基金灵活的申赎制度致使其容易遭受投资者赎回的压力,甚至引发流动性风险。本文以2006-2019年开放式基金持仓数据为样本,探究我国开放式基金经理对流动性风险可能采取的动态防控策略以及策略的业绩有效性。研究发现:(1)市场波动率与基金赎回压力正相关,有理由作为基金流动性风险防控的信号指标。(2)当预期市场波动上升时,基金资产组合存在流动性储备显著升高、流动性共性显著下降两种现象,符合以市场预期波动为信号的两种基金流动性风险防控策略。(3)流动性储备行为对基金业绩无显著影响,而流动性共性削减行为能够显著提升基金业绩。本文研究为基金管理者和监管部门选择合理的流动性风险防控方案提供经验依据。

关键词: 开放式基金, 市场波动, 流动性风险, 流动性共性

Abstract:

Liquidity risk management is particularly relevant for mutual funds as they face redemption risk induced by investors’ discretion. When market volatility surges, the probability of fund performance falling below threshold increases, which triggers investor redemption. Especially when funds don’t have enough liquid assets to meet redemption, they will have to fire sale illiquid assets and bear considerable liquidity costs. More importantly, mutual funds’ asset liquidating behavior continuously pulls down asset prices, causes externality to other funds and negatively affects market stability. It is of paramount importance to discuss mutual funds’ liquidity risk management in a volatile market.Using a sample of Chinese mutual funds from 2006-2018, the signal, existence and performance implication of two kinds of mutual fund dynamic liquidity management strategy are tested. First, the relationship between market volatility and fund flow is examined. It is the premise to adopt market volatility as a dynamic signal for fund liquidity risk management. Second, relationship between expected market volatility and fund liquidity is tested, in order to reexamine the dynamic liquidity cushion strategy discovered in American stock market. Third, another novel dynamic liquidity management strategy is proposed and it is named as the liquidity commonality reduction strategy. When market volatility goes up, market liquidity goes down. Mutual fund can reserve liquidity by reducing their liquidity sensitivity to the declining market liquidity. The relationship between expected market volatility and fund liquidity commonality is tested, so as to explore the existence of this strategy. Finally, the performance implication of the two dynamic liquidity risk management strategies is examined. It is found that expected market volatility is negatively related to fund flows. It may be an effective signal for fund redemption pressure and thus liquidity risk management. Results show, both dynamic liquidity cushion and liquidity commonality reduction behavior exist in Chinese capital market, but only the latter one can significantly improve fund performance. This study provides empirical evidence for fund managers and regulators to draw up effective plans to manage liquidity risk.

Key words: mutual funds, market volatility, liquidity, liquidity commonality

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