需求扰动下生产规模不经济闭环供应链的应急渠道决策

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2019.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对生产规模不经济闭环供应链，在突发事件干扰其产品的市场需求发生扰动的情况下，比较研究了各类回收渠道分散式决策系统和集中式决策系统的应急均衡决策及契约协调问题。结果表明：当需求的扰动程度不大时，各类系统正常运营环境下新产品的订购量和废旧品的回收量等均衡决策均具鲁棒性，当需求的扰动程度较大时，各类系统均应按其扰动方向调整正常运营环境下制定的均衡决策；制造商回收渠道分散式决策系统中其获得的利润和系统的总利润均高于零售商回收渠道分散式决策系统的，且制造商会利用更高比例的废旧品生产再造品，因此其应直接回收废旧品；各企业的利润和系统的总利润均随生产规模不经济弹性系数的增加而降低；设计的应急收益费用共享契约可协调解决各类回收渠道分散式决策系统中存在的"双重边际效应"问题，且各企业可通过讨价还价确定收益费用共享比例的取值来获得帕累托改进的利润。

关键词: 闭环供应链, 生产规模不经济, 需求扰动, 应急渠道, 帕累托改进

Abstract: Considering the product process faces diseconomies of scales and the product demand can be disrupted for many reasons, we analyze the emergency channel decisions of closed-loop supply with production diseconomies under demand disruptions. Two decentralized decision models are given with manufacturer and retailer as collector respectively, and the results about the two models are compared to give the effective collecting structure. Furthermore, emergency revenue and expense sharing contracts are designed to coordinate the member's independent decision-making behavior in the two decentralized systems to improve their efficiency. The simulated analysis method is combined to examine the results and it is found that if the demand disruption is small, ordering quantity of new products and collecting quantity of used products in normal operation state have some robustness, if the demand disruption is large, they should be adjusted along the same direction with the disruption. In addition to this, the "double marginalization" problems in decentralized decision systems of two collection channels can be solved by the designed emergency revenue and expense sharing contracts. Meanwhile, each member can determine sharing proportion by bargaining to get improved Pareto profits. The numerical examples also analyze the impacts of demand disruptions, diseconomy coefficients and sharing proportion on equilibrium decisions. The results show that manufacturer's profits and system's total profits in decentralized decision system of manufacturer collection channel are greater than that in retailer collection channel system, and manufacturer make use of recycling products with higher proportion to produce remanufactured products. So, manufacturer prefers to collect used products directly. And the profits of each member and system decrease with the increase of diseconomy coefficient. These results provide some references for emergency equilibrium decisions and channel choice.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, production diseconomies, demand disruption, emergency channel, Pareto improvement

中图分类号:

F272

赵琳, 牟宗玉. 需求扰动下生产规模不经济闭环供应链的应急渠道决策[J]. 中国管理科学, 2019, 27(7): 68-82.

ZHAO Lin, MU Zong-yu. Emergency Channel Decisions of Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Production Diseconomies under Demand Disruptions[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2019, 27(7): 68-82.

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