开放型商业模式NICE属性与价值创造关系的实证研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2016.05.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 企业竞争优势或价值创造的源泉在哪里,或者企业绩效异质性的成因是什么?这一问题一直是战略管理领域的研究焦点。移动互联网时代,企业纷纷通过重塑商业模式来实现转型升级或跨界发展,并将其作为价值创造和竞争优势的一种重要来源。因此,本文旨在以开放型商业模式为研究对象,探讨其内在属性与价值创造之间的关系。首先,本文阐述开放型商业模式的内涵及构成;接着,识别出其内在属性特征,即新颖性(N)、锁定性(I)、互补性(C)、效率性(E);同时,重点借助战略网络理论、新木桶理论、平台经济学等理论基础论证NICE与价值创造间的关系及背后的作用机理,提出理论假设;最后,运用调查问卷和结构方程模型的方法实证检验,且演绎结论的管理含义。本文所使用的数据来源于中国最大的服务交易平台:猪八戒网和EMBA、MBA、EDP等项目课堂。研究表明,开放型商业模式新颖性与企业价值正相关、互补性与顾客价值正相关、效率性与企业价值和伙伴价值均呈正相关关系;而新颖性与顾客价值及伙伴价值正相关;互补性与企业价值及伙伴价值呈正相关关系等结论未得到印证。本文的研究回答了"企业竞争优势或价值创造源泉在哪里?"这一问题,并且本文的理论机理分析和实证结论有利于指导企业创新商业模式并获取竞争优势的战略决策。

关键词: 开放型商业模式, 价值网络, NICE属性, 价值创造, 结构方程模型

Abstract: The fundamental question in the field of strategic management is how firms achieve competitive advantage and create value, or why do firms in the same industry perform differently? In the era of mobile Internet, reshaping enterprises' business model is a common way to realize the transformation and upgrading or cross-border development, and it is also regarded as an important source of competitive advantage and value creation.Therefore, taking open business model(OBM) as a special research object, the purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between OBM's attribute characteristics and value creation.First, the meaning and structure dimensions of open business model are made clear, identifying its intrinsic attributes: Novelty; Lock-in; Complementarity; Efficiency.Second, the relationship between NICE characteristics and value creation is analyzed theoretically and theoretical assumptions are put forward, based on RBV,theory of strategic networks, the theory of platform economics and etc.Lastly, testing the theoretical assumptions using SPSS19.0 and Amos21.0 software, using data from Zhubajie.com, the largest service trading platform of China, and the classes of EMBA, MBA, EDP.It is found that novelty has a positive relationship on the enterprise value; complementary is positively related to the customer value; efficiency has positive effects on corporate value and partners value;other assumptions are not supported.The fundamental question in the field of strategic management is answered, and the mechanism analysis of theory and empirical conclusion are helpful to guide enterprises' business model innovation and obtain the competitive advantage.

Key words: open business model, value creation, NICE, value network, SEM

中图分类号:

F270

江积海, 蔡春花. 开放型商业模式NICE属性与价值创造关系的实证研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2016, 24(5): 100-110.

JIANG Ji-hai, CAI Chun-hua. An Empirical Study on Relationship Between Internal Attributes of OpenBusiness Model and Value Creation[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2016, 24(5): 100-110.

参考文献

[1] Amit R, Zott C.Value creation in e-business[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2001,22(6-7):493-520.

[2] Chesbrough H.Open business model:How to thrive in the new innovation landscape[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2006.

[3] Teece D J.Business models, business strategy and innovation[J].Long Range Planning, 2010,43(2-3):172-194.

[4] Osterwalder A N,Pigneur Y.Business model generation:A handbook for visionaries,game changers,and chal lengers[M].Wiley,New Jersey,2010.

[5] Chesbrough H, Rosenbloom R S.The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation:Evidence from Xerox corporation's technology spin-off companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change, 2002,11(3):529-555.

[6] Purdy M, Robinson M C, Wei K.Three new business models for "the open firm"[J].Strategy & Leadership,2012,40(6):36-41

[7] Casadesus-Masanell R, Zhu Feng.Business model innovation and competitive imitation:The case of sponsor-based business models[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2013,34(4):464-482.

[8] Amit R, Zott C.Creating value through business model innovation[J].Sloan Management Review, 2012,53(2):41-49.

[9] Giesen E, Riddleberger E, Christner R, et al.When and how to innovate your business model[J].Strategy & Leadership, 2010,38(4):17-26.

[10] Gay B.Open innovation, networking, and business model dynamics:The two sides[J].Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,2014(1):1-20.

[11] George G, Bock A J.The business model in practice and its implications for entrepreneurship research[J].Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice,2011,35(1):83-111.

[12] Velu C.Business model innovation and third-party alliance on the survival of new firms[J].Technovation,2015,35:1-11.

[13] Bohnsack R, Pinkse J, Kolk A.Business models for sustainable technologies:Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles[J].Research Policy, 2014,43(2):284-300.

[14] Markides C C.Business model innovation:What can the ambidexterity literature teach us?[J].Academy of Management Perspectives, 2013,27(4):313-323.

[15] Zott C, Amit R.Business model design and the performance of entrepreneurial firms[J].Organization Science, 2007,18(2):181-199.

[16] Zott C, Amit R.The fit between product market strategy and business model:Implications for firm performance[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2008,29(1):1-26.

[17] 成文,王迎军,高嘉勇,等.商业模式理论演化述评[J].管理学报,2014,11(3):462-468.

[18] 龚丽敏,魏江,董忆,等.商业模式研究现状和流派识别:基于1997-2010年SSCI引用情况的分析[J].管理评论,2013,25(6):131-140.

[19] 孙永波.商业模式创新与竞争优势[J].管理世界,2011,(7):182-183.

[20] 隋伟.基于价值链向价值网演变角度的商业模式创新研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.

[21] 温诗园.商业模式驱动下企业价值创造研究[D].重庆:西南财经大学,2013.

[22] 王琴.基于价值网络重构的企业商业模式创新[J].中国工业经济,2011,(1):79-88.

[23] 王鑫鑫,王宗军.国外商业模式创新研究综述[J].外国经济与管理,2009,(12):33-38.

[24] 吴晓波,朱培忠,吴东.后发者如何实现快速追赶?——一个二次商业模式创新和技术创新的共演模型[J].科学学研究,2013,(11):1726-1735.

[25] 曾萍,宋铁波.基于内外因素整合视角的商业模式创新驱动力研究[J].管理学报,2014,(07):989-996.

[26] 孙连才, 王宗军.基于动态能力理论的商业生态系统下企业商业模式指标评价体系[J].管理世界2011,(5):184-185.

[27] 周敏,邵云飞,李巍.企业组织与商业模式协同创新的实证研究——以新一代信息技术企业为例[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013,(10):59-68.

[28] 王雪冬, 董大海.商业模式创新概念研究述评与展望[J].外国经济与管理, 2013,35(11):29-36.

[29] 魏炜, 朱武祥, 林桂平.基于利益相关者交易结构的商业模式理论[J].管理世界,2012,(12):125-131.

[30] Hamel G.Leading the revolution[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2000.