基于剥夺成本的应急疏散与物资调配问题研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2021.0698

Abstract

Abstract:

In the early stage of large-scale disaster relief， the untimely supply and uneven distribution of emergency supplies will cause certain negative psychological emotions among the victims， which， if not eliminated in time， will most likely lead to irrational behavior of the victims and affect the development and efficiency of the relief work.To address the problem， deprivation cost is introduced into post-disaster emergency management research， comprehensively considering the negative psychological emotions of disaster victims due to material scarcity and uneven distribution. The absolute deprivation cost function is constructed to quantify the sensitivity of the victims to the demand and arrival time of supplies， and to measure the negative psychological emotions caused by the lack of supplies. The relative deprivation cost function is constructed by referring to the Gini coefficient in economics to measure the difference in the negative psychological emotions suffered by the victims in different shelters， and to measure the negative psychological emotions such as imbalance and jealousy caused by the comparison of the victims. The total deprivation cost is also used to characterize the fairness of emergency supplies allocation.Based on the effective portrayal of the negative psychological emotions of the victims， an integrated optimization model for emergency evacuation， temporary shelter location and emergency material allocation is constructed with the objective of minimizing the total cost of rescue， and a stage-by-stage decoding genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. In the verification stage， the effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by constructing a case study in combination with the disaster relief scenario after super typhoon hit Guangdong Province. The results of the analysis show that the timing of post-disaster rescue operations has a significant impact on the location of temporary shelters， emergency evacuation of victims， and emergency material distribution activities. Under the scenario where the rescue time is determined， improving the fairness of emergency supplies distribution can reduce the negative psychological emotions of the victims and improve the rescue efficiency. The relevant findings can provide useful references for post-disaster emergency management.

Key words: emergency evacuation, emergency material allocation, deprivation cost, integrated optimization, genetic algorithm

CLC Number:

Ling Zhang,Pengfei Gao,Lin Zhang. Research on Emergency Evacuation and Material Allocation Based on Deprivation Cost[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2024, 32(5): 187-195.

Figures/Tables 11

参数	数值	参数	数值
灾民人均重量( $W$ )	60千克	疏散灾民车辆单位运输成本C₁	80元/千米
未满足灾民转移需求的惩罚值( $φ 1$ )	50000元	运送物资车辆单位运输成本C₂	60元/千米
未满足物资需求的惩罚值( $φ 2$ )	20000元	车辆平均行驶速度S	60千米/小时
转移灾民车辆额定载重量(Q₁ )	2400千克	救援时间T	72小时
运送物资车辆额定载重量(Q₂ )	50000千克	剥夺成本函数参数	a₁=1.2，b₁=0.2，a₂=1.5，b₂=0.5， $λ = 0.5$

相对剥夺成本系数 $λ$	救援时间/小时	开放避难所
0.5	5	J3、J4
	6	J1、J3、J4、J5
	7	J1、J2、J3、J4、J5
	8	J1、J2、J3、J4、J5、J6
	9	J1、J2、J3、J4、J5、J6
	10	J1、J2、J3、J4、J5、J6、J7

救援时间/h	相对剥夺成本系数 $λ$	灾民疏散人数/人	总成本	物资配送量
救援时间/h	相对剥夺成本系数 $λ$	灾民疏散人数/人	总成本	食品/份	药品包/个
24	0.3	137077	24971301799	1233693	274154
	0.5	137077	24972673383	1233693	274154
	0.7	137077	24974044968	1233693	274154
	1	137077	24976102343	1233693	274154
48	0.3	183577	1729665358	1652193	367154
	0.5	183577	1730698601	1652193	367154
	0.7	183577	1731736168	1652193	367154
	1	183577	1733474488	1652193	367154
72	0.3	186976	29608721	1682793	373954
	0.5	186976	30197914	1682793	373954
	0.7	186976	31346824	1682793	373954
	1	186976	32993089	1682793	373954

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受灾点	常住人口/人	受灾点	常住人口/人
I1沙田镇	43000	I11平海镇	92000
I2虎门镇	130000	I12盐州社区	40000
I3沙井镇	130000	I13鲘门镇	30000
I4西乡街道	320000	I14马宫镇	19300
I5南半岛	109747	I15捷胜镇	460000
I6布吉街道	456000	I16大湖镇	19000
I7沙头角镇	19000	I17上英镇	20477
I8大鹏镇	40000	I18金厢镇	47000
I9霞涌镇	35670	I19碣石镇	230000
I10稔山镇	96000	—	—

备选避难所	容量/人	备选避难所	容量/人
J1公明镇	21000	J6吉隆镇	19500
J2大学城	20500	J7莲花山镇	20500
J3观澜镇	19900	J8茅湖村	19600
J4坪山镇	22000	J9博美镇	22000
J5秋长镇	23000	—	—

避难所	服务受灾点	物资分配量
避难所	服务受灾点	食品/份	药品包/个
J1	I1、I2、I4、I5、I6	189000	42000
J2	I1、I4、I5、I6	184500	41000
J3	I2、I5、I6、I15	179100	39800
J4	I2、I3、I5、I6、I7、I8、I9、I10、I11、I12、I15	198000	44000
J5	I2、I3、I5、I6、I7、I8、I10、I11、I15	207000	46000
J6	I2、I3、I5、I6、I8、I11、I12、I13、I15、I18	175500	39000
J7	I2、I3、I6、I14、I15、I16、I17、I18	184500	41000
J8	I3、I6、I15、I19	176400	39200
J9	I3、I6、I9、I15、I16、I17、I18、I19	188793	41954

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Research on Emergency Evacuation and Material Allocation Based on Deprivation Cost

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Figures/Tables 11

References 23

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救援时间/h	疏散灾民人数/人	总成本	物资调配量
救援时间/h	疏散灾民人数/人	总成本	食品/份	药品包/个
6	37734	74626932509	339606	75468
12	74518	56241298316	670662	149036
18	107517	39747666760	967653	215034
24	137077	24972673383	1233693	274154
36	173957	6539619160	1565613	347914
48	183577	1730698601	1652193	367154
72	186976	30197914	1682793	373954