闭环供应链的区块链实施主体选择研究

doi:10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.0427

Abstract

Abstract:

A recycling quantity discount factor is introduced and consumer preference is incorporated for blockchain-enabled traceability of remanufactured products. It constructs a closed-loop supply chain （CLSC） system comprising a manufacturer and a retailer. Four blockchain implementation modes are systematically analyzed： 1） no blockchain， 2） manufacturer-only implementation， 3） retailer-only implementation， and 4） full-chain implementation. Utilizing a Stackelberg game framework， the impact of each mode on optimal pricing， blockchain traceability levels， recycling rates， market demand， supply chain member profits， and social welfare is investigated. Key findings indicate：（1） Contrary to the full-chain mode， retailer-only implementation yields higher traceability levels， recycling rates， market demand， and social welfare. This stems from retailers' direct consumer access， enabling more effective capture of blockchain's trust premium while avoiding manufacturer underinvestment due to high costs；（2） Under low blockchain cost efficiency， full-chain implementation induces the highest product pricing due to cost pressures， potentially eroding price competitiveness. Under high cost efficiency， retailer-only implementation commands higher prices， demonstrating superior ability to monetize traceability advantages；（3） At intermediate manufacturer cost-sharing ratios， retailer-only blockchain implementation emerges as the unique Pareto-optimal equilibrium for the CLSC， achieving a manufacturer-retailer win-win outcome.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, blockchain, traceability preference, recycling discount

CLC Number:

F224

Yuyan Wang,Junhong Gao,Qiaoyun Yun. Study on the Strategic Selection of Blockchain Implementation Entities in Closed-loop Supply Chain[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(12): 337-348.

Figures/Tables 11

符号	定义
基本参数
$α$	市场潜在规模
$β$	零售价格对市场需求量的弹性系数
$m$	零售商回收成本规模系数
$k$	区块链技术成本系数
$γ$	区块链溯源水平对市场需求量的弹性系数
$b$	制造商支付给零售商的单位废旧品转移价格
$Δ$	制造商参与废旧品回收产生的单位节约成本
$f$	零售商的单位回收价格
$μ$	模型 $M R$ 中，制造商承担区块链实施成本的比例
决策变量
$L j$	区块链服务水平，区块链实施主体的决策变量
$h j$	废旧产品的回收率，零售商的决策变量
$w j$	新产品的单位批发价格，制造商的决策变量
$p j$	新产品的单位零售价格，零售商的决策变量
中间变量
$q j$	市场需求量函数
$C S j$	消费者剩余
$π i j$	制造商和零售商的利润函数
$S W j$	社会福利函数

	$N$	$M$	$R$	$M R$
$C S j *$	$m 2 α 2 8 (2 m - A B) 2$	$k 2 m 2 α 2 2 C 2$	$k 2 m 2 α 2 8 D 2$	$2 k 2 m 2 α 2 E 2$
$S W j *$	$m α 2 (7 m - 3 A B) 8 (2 m - A B) 2$	$k m α 2 [k (7 m - 3 A 2) - m γ 2] 2 C 2$	$k m α 2 [k (7 m - 3 A 2) - 3 m γ 2] 8 D 2$	$k m α 2 [4 k (7 m - 3 A 2) - 9 m γ 2] 2 E 2$

References 31

[1]	Suvadarshini P， Biswas I， Srivastava S K. Impact of reverse channel competition， individual rationality， and information asymmetry on multi-channel closed-loop supply chain design［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2023， 259： 108818.
[2]	De Giovanni P. Closed-loop supply chain coordination through incentives with asymmetric information［J］. Annals of Operations Research，2017，253（1）： 133-167.
[3]	Biswas D， Jalali H， Ansaripoor A H， et al. Traceability vs. sustainability in supply chains： The implications of blockchain［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2023， 305（1）： 128-147.
[4]	Iyengar G， Saleh F， Sethuraman J， et al. Blockchain adoption in a supply chain with manufacturer market power［J］. Management Science， 2024， 70（9）： 6158-6178.
[5]	Wu X Y， Fan Z P， Cao B B. An analysis of strategies for adopting blockchain technology in the fresh product supply chain［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2023， 61（11）： 3717-3734.
[6]	胡祥培，都牧，孔祥维，等. 基于区块链的农产品供应链溯源研究综述［J］.管理科学学报， 2024， 27（5）： 1-12.
	Hu X P， Du M， Kong X W， et al. Review of blockchain-based traceability systems for agri-food supply chains［J］. Journal of Management Sciences in China， 2024， 27（5）： 1-12.
[7]	刘瑞环，赵程伟，谭春桥. 区块链平台不同收费情形下疫苗供应链博弈模型及协调策略［J］.中国管理科学， 2024，DOI：10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0631 .
	Liu R H， Zhao C W， Tan C Q. Game models and coordination strategies of blockchain-based vaccine supply chain under different charging scenarios［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2024，DOI： 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0631 .
[8]	屈绍建，李帅. 区块链背景下订单转保理的供应链金融博弈模型［J］.系统工程理论与实践，2023，43（12）： 3570-3590.
	Qu S J， Li S. A supply chain finance game model with order-to-factoring under blockchain［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2023， 43（12）： 3570-3590.
[9]	Wu Q， Wang Y， Cheng T C E， et al. Optimal decisions and coordination of a supply chain in the hybrid recycling mode with traceability and fairness concern［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2025， 63（14）： 5292-5316.
[10]	Ma D， Hu J. The optimal combination between blockchain and sales format in an Internet platform-based closed-loop supply chain［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2022， 254： 108633.
[11]	Cui Y， Gaur V， Liu J. Supply chain transparency and blockchain design［J］. Management Science， 2024， 70（5）： 3245-3263.
[12]	李秋香，马草原，谢磊，等. 区块链赋能供应链价值创造的机理与策略——质量信息不对称下的经济学分析［J］. 管理世界， 2024， 40（8）： 98-122.
	Li Q X， Ma C Y， Xie L， et al. The mechanisms and strategies of blockchain-empowered value creation in the supply chain： An economic analysis under quality information asymmetry［J］. Journal of Management World， 2024， 40（8）： 98-122.
[13]	Chod J， Trichakis N， Tsoukalas G， et al. On the financing benefits of supply chain transparency and blockchain adoption［J］. Management Science， 2020， 66（10）： 4378-4396.
[14]	王俊斌，张立冬. 订单农业供应链的区块链溯源技术引入策略研究［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2024， 44（2）： 612-628.
	Wang J B， Zhang L D. Blockchain traceability technology introduction strategy in the contract-farming supply chain［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2024， 44（2）： 612-628.
[15]	Wu X Y， Pu X， Fan Z P. Blockchain technology adoption strategies of a supply chain considering possible product defects［J］. International Journal of Production Research， 2025， 63（14）： 5190-5216.
[16]	苏秦，张文博. 供应链质量信息共享与区块链授权策略［J］. 中国管理科学， 2024， 32（3）： 324-334.
	Su Q， Zhang W B. Supply chain quality information sharing and block chain-enabled authorization strategies［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2024， 32（3）： 324-334.
[17]	Pun H， Swaminathan J M， Hou P. Blockchain adoption for combating deceptive counterfeits［J］. Production and Operations Management，2021，30（4）： 864-882.
[18]	Shen B， Dong C， Minner S. Combating copycats in the supply chain with permissioned blockchain technology［J］. Production and Operations Management， 2022， 31（1）： 138-154.
[19]	Savaskan R C， Bhattacharya S， Van Wassenhove L N. Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing［J］. Management Science， 2004， 50（2）： 239-252.
[20]	Panda S， Modak N M， Cárdenas-Barrón L E. Coordinating a socially responsible closed-loop supply chain with product recycling［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2017， 188： 11-21.
[21]	王玉燕，高俊宏. 基于政府动态补贴区块链技术的闭环供应链决策与协调研究［J］. 系统工程理论与实践， 2024， 44（3）： 1053-1068.
	Wang Y Y， Gao J H. Research on closed-loop supply chain strategy and coordination based on government dynamic subsidy blockchain technology［J］. Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice， 2024， 44（3）： 1053-1068.
[22]	Qiao H， Zhang Z， Su Q. Blockchain technology adoption of the manufacturers with product recycling considering green consumers［J］. Computers & Industrial Engineering， 2023， 177： 109021.
[23]	Wang M， Yang F， Shan F， et al. Blockchain adoption for combating remanufacturing perceived risks in a reverse supply chain［J］. Transportation Research Part E： Logistics and Transportation Review， 2024， 183： 103448.
[24]	冯章伟，杜碧升，于志勇，等. 区块链驱动的新能源汽车动力电池回收与溯源技术投入策略研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2025， 33（4）： 313-324.
	Feng Z W， Du B S， Yu Z Y， et al. Recycling and traceability technology introducing strategy of new energy vehicles' P ower battery driven by blockchain［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2025， 33（4）： 313-324.
[25]	Zhang X， Zheng H， Zheng X. Impact of government fund policy and blockchain technology on closed-loop supply chains in textile and apparel industry［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2024， 434： 140037.
[26]	龚本刚，唐文慧，刘志，等. 碳交易政策下区块链技术对再制造供应链定价与减排决策的影响［J］. 系统管理学报， 2025， 34（2）： 363-376.
	Gong B G， Tang W H， Liu Z， et al. Impact of blockchain technology on pricing and emission reduction decisions in remanufacturing supply chains under carbon trading［J］. Journal of Systems & Management， 2025， 34（2）： 363-376.
[27]	梁喜，胡鑫. 考虑区块链和产品回收的绿色供应链定价决策［J］.计算机集成制造系统，2023，29（11）： 3851-3868.
	Liang X， Hu X. Green supply chain pricing decision considering blockchain and product recycling［J］. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems， 2023， 29（11）： 3851-3868.
[28]	唐娟，李帮义，龚本刚，等. 考虑企业社会责任的零售商回收型闭环供应链决策与协调研究［J］. 中国管理科学， 2023， 31（11）： 228-237.
	Tang J， Li B Y， Gong B G， et al. Research on decision-making and coordination of retailer’s recycling closed-loop supply chain considering corporate social responsibility［J］. Chinese Journal of Management Science， 2023， 31（11）： 228-237.
[29]	Xu X， Yan L， Choi T M， et al. When is it wise to use blockchain for platform operations with remanufacturing？［J］. European Journal of Operational Research， 2023， 309（3）： 1073-1090.
[30]	De Giovanni P. Blockchain and smart contracts in supply chain management： A game theoretic model［J］. International Journal of Production Economics， 2020， 228： 107855.
[31]	刘长义，朱时范，龚本刚，等. 基于区块链的再制造供应链定价决策与智能合约［J］. 系统工程学报， 2024， 39（6）： 868-884.
	Liu C Y， Zhu S F， Gong B G， et al. Pricing decision and smart contract of remanufacturing supply chain based on blockchain［J］. Journal of Systems Engineering， 2024， 39（6）： 868-884.

Study on the Strategic Selection of Blockchain Implementation Entities in Closed-loop Supply Chain

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 31

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	Xiaohong Chen, Weidong Zhang, Fuqiang Wang. Optimal Blockchain Platform Construction and Joining Strategy of Supply Chain under Product Quality Differentiation [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(9): 280-290.
[2]	Yeming Dai, Shuang Yu. Remanufacturing Closed-loop Supply Chain Decision Considering Retailer’s Dual Behavior Preference under Carbon Tax Regulation [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(8): 308-320.
[3]	Mei Duan, Zhenwei Liu, Lang Liu. Differential Game of Dynamic Closed-Loop Supply Chain Considering Consumers' Purchasing Regret [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(8): 321-330.
[4]	Wenqi Wu, Ming Zhang. Decision-making Analysis of Power Battery Recycling under Carbon Cap-and-trade Mechanism and Subsidy Policy [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(8): 340-354.
[5]	Xichen Lyu, Yinfeng Tian, Shihai Tian, Jiayuan Liu, Qingwei Kong. Research on Multi-Agent Decision-Making in Carbon Data Quality Supervision under MRV Mechanism: A Blockchain Technology Empowerment Perspective [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(8): 355-368.
[6]	Zongsheng Huang, Yuan Zhang, Lingkang Zeng. Funding or Laboring? Cooperative Collection Strategy Selection in Dynamic Closed-loop Supply Chain [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(7): 262-271.
[7]	Zhiwen Li, Xianhao Xu, Xu Guan, Qingguo Bai, Cheng Chen. Evolutionary Game Analysis for Blockchain Adoption Decisions of Two Oligopolies in An Agricultural Market [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(7): 324-336.
[8]	Zhongmiao Sun, Qi Xu. Dynamic Incentive Subsidy of Government for Renewable Energy Power Consumption under Blockchain Technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(7): 346-359.
[9]	Jiangxia Nan, Xiaoyong Wu, Maojun Zhang. Production Competition and Emission Reduction Technology Cooperation between Manufacturers under the Low-carbon Market Based on Blockchain Technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(6): 360-368.
[10]	Wei Li, Yun Jiang, Yuqin Gan, Baoguang Xu. Research on OEM Provenance Selection and Remanufacturing Authorization Decision in Cross-border Closed-loop Supply Chain Based on Tax Difference [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(5): 302-312.
[11]	Zhangwei Feng, Bisheng Du, Zhiyong Yu, Shandong Mou. Recycling and Traceability Technology Introducing Strategy of New Energy Vehicles’ Power Battery Driven by Blockchain [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(4): 313-324.
[12]	Dengfeng Li, Xiaoli Du. Study on Blockchain Consensus Algorithm of International Trade Logistics under Business Audit Process with the Participation of Regulators [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(3): 128-138.
[13]	Xiaobing Li, Yujun Wang, Wei Jiang. Pricing Decision of Closed-loop Supply Chain for Power Battery Recycling Considering Consumer Heterogeneity [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(2): 279-291.
[14]	Fuan Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Qingli Da. E-Closed-Loop Supply Chain Decision Making Considering Trading Modes and Power Structures [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(12): 294-305.
[15]	Yanting Chen, Dengfeng Li. Analysis of Cooperation and Competition Strategies Between Shipping Logistics Blockchain Platform and Shipping Companies Considering Shippers’ Information Preference [J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2025, 33(11): 114-124.