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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 362-371.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2022.1075

• • 上一篇    

排污权交易制度下企业减排技术选择和污染回弹效应

易国栋1,2, 刘晴1, 易淑婷1, 陈晓红1,2,3, 任剑1,2(), 徐雪松1,2   

  1. 1.湖南工商大学管理科学与工程学院,湖南 长沙 410205
    2.湘江实验室,湖南 长沙 410205
    3.中南大学商学院,湖南 长沙 410083
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-16 修回日期:2025-03-29 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 任剑 E-mail:renjianemail@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72688201);国家自然科学基金项目(72004060);湖南省青年科技人才项目(2023RC3184)

Emission Reduction Technology and Pollution Rebound Effect of Enterprises under Emission Trading System

Guodong Yi1,2, Qing Liu1, Shuting Yi1, Xiaohong Chen1,2,3, Jian Ren1,2(), Xuesong Xu1,2   

  1. 1.School of Management Science and Engineering,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,China
    2.Xiangjiang Laboratory,Changsha 410205,China
    3.Business School,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China
  • Received:2022-05-16 Revised:2025-03-29 Online:2026-10-25 Published:2026-10-09
  • Contact: Jian Ren E-mail:renjianemail@126.com

摘要:

排污权交易机制可以实现较为灵活、公平高效的资源配置与优化,激发企业进行减排技术创新。本文研究了排污权交易机制下异质性企业减排技术选择的内在机理及其与产品市场变化和排污总量控制之间的复杂关系。结果表明:(1)受排污权配额限制,污染水平处于中间水平的企业比两端企业更倾向于选择减排技术实现利润最大化;(2)引入减排技术后的排放系数大于减排技术引入前后排污权均衡价格的比值或者企业污染水平较低时,减排技术的采用会带来技术减排效应;(3)当引入减排技术后的排放系数小于减排技术引入前后的均衡价格的比值,且企业污染水平较高时,减排技术带来的单位产品排污量的减少不能抵消技术红利带来的产量增加所导致的排污量增量,产生“污染回弹效应”;(4)当社会福利最优时,排污权均衡价格与配额总量成正比。政府在引导企业进行技术创新的同时,要避免产生污染回弹,必须有序推动减排技术进步与社会福利改善协同发展。

关键词: 排污权交易, 总量控制, 技术选择, 污染回弹效应

Abstract:

The effectiveness of emission trading depends on how quota constraints shape emission-right prices and how these prices further affect firms’ technology adoption, output decisions, individual emissions, and aggregate emissions. How heterogeneity in firms’ baseline pollution intensity affects their choices of emission-reduction technology under an emission trading mechanism, how these technology choices influence output decisions and market-level pollution emissions, and how the optimal total quota can be determined from the perspective of social welfare maximization are examined. To address these questions, a profit-maximization model is constructed for heterogeneous firms under emission trading. By comparing firms’ optimal profits with and without technology adoption, the conditions under which firms choose emission-reduction technology are derived. The results show that technology adoption is heterogeneous across firms: firms with intermediate pollution intensities are more likely to adopt emission-reduction technology, whereas firms with relatively low or high pollution intensities do not adopt it. Based on these technology adoption intervals, firms’ optimal output under different technology choices is derived, individual emissions are caculated according to firms’ post-choice pollution intensity and optimal output, and individual emissions are aggregated to obtain total market emissions. The results indicate that emission-reduction technology does not necessarily reduce aggregate pollution emissions. When the reduction in unit emissions is sufficient to offset the additional emissions caused by output expansion, technology adoption generates a technological emission-reduction effect; otherwise, it leads to a pollution rebound effect. The output analysis further shows that aggregate output decreases as the equilibrium price of emission rights increases, while the effect of the post-adoption emission coefficient on aggregate output depends on market conditions. Consumer surplus, firm profits, and environmental damage are incorporated into a social welfare maximization framework to derive the optimal total quota and its endogenous relationship with the equilibrium price of emission rights. By linking quota constraints, emission-right price formation, heterogeneous technology adoption, output adjustment, aggregate emissions, and optimal quota design, a theoretical explanation is provided for heterogeneous firm responses and pollution rebound under emission trading, and implications are offered for improving quota allocation, price formation, and pollution rebound prevention.

Key words: emissions trading, total control, technological innovation, pollution rebound effect

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