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中国管理科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 65-80.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.0343

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排污权交易价格不确定下的企业生产决策优化与排污策略研究

孙金凤1(), 盛鸿禧1, 胡祥培2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东 青岛 266580
    2.大连理工大学经济管理学院,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-03 修回日期:2023-07-25 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-11-28
  • 通讯作者: 孙金凤 E-mail:sunjinfeng123@upc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省社会科学规划项目(2024CGLJ49);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MG002);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(24CX04002B)

Production Decision-making Optimization and Emission Behavioral Analysis under Emission Permits Price Uncertainty

Jinfeng Sun1(), Hongxi Sheng1, Xiangpei Hu2   

  1. 1.School of Economics and Management,China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao 266580,China
    2.School of Economics and Management,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China
  • Received:2023-03-03 Revised:2023-07-25 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-11-28
  • Contact: Jinfeng Sun E-mail:sunjinfeng123@upc.edu.cn

摘要:

排污权交易价格不确定情境下,如何权衡生产决策合理性和排污行为合法性,是排污企业亟待解决的关键难题。鉴于现实中不同交易机制下排污权交易历史价格的可测可获性,本文引入基于核密度估计的数据驱动方法,构造给定置信水平下的不确定集合,以刻画排污权交易价格的不确定性,并利用基于最小最大后悔值准则的鲁棒优化模型,研究两种常用机制即政府储备出让/回购机制和企业转让交易机制下的排污企业生产决策优化和排污策略。结果表明:政府储备出让/回购机制下,排污权出售企业和保守生产企业的最优生产决策与排污权交易价格无直接联系,而排污权购买企业生产决策方案与交易价格直接关联,且鲁棒交易价格低于一定水平时,企业选择违法超排可获得利润最大化;企业转让交易机制下,无论是排污权购买企业还是出售企业,其生产决策都与排污权交易价格紧密相关,且具有鲁棒性的排污权交易价格高于某特定值时,排污权购买企业遵循合法排污可获取最大利润。实证分析不仅揭示了两种交易机制下排污权交易市场行为特征和规律,还指明企业在不同机制下应采取何种排污权交易策略方能实现其最优生产决策,并为政府规定违法超排罚金数额提供科学依据。

关键词: 排污权交易, 生产决策优化, 排污行为, 不确定集, 鲁棒优化

Abstract:

The key challenge for emission enterprises is how to weigh the rationality of production decision and the legality of emission behavior under the price uncertainty of emission permits. In view of the measurability and availability of historical prices of emissions trading under different trading mechanisms in reality, a data-driven approach based on kernel density estimation is proposed to construct an uncertainty set for a given confidence level to characterize the uncertainty of emissions trading prices. And a robust optimization model based on the minimum-maximum regret value criterion is used to study the production decision optimization and emission behavior of emission enterprises under two commonly used mechanisms: the government reserve offer/buyback mechanism and the enterprise transfer transaction mechanism. The results show that the optimal production decisions of emission rights sellers and conservative producers are not directly related to the trading price of emission rights under the government reserve transfer/buy-back mechanism, while the production decisions of emission rights buyers are directly related to the trading price and the profit maximization can be achieved by choosing illegal over-emissions when the robust trading price is below a certain level. Under the enterprise transfer transaction mechanism, the production decisions of enterprises are closely related to the trading price of emission rights, and when the robust trading price of emission rights is higher than a certain value, the purchasing enterprises can obtain the maximum profit by following the legal emission. The empirical analysis not only reveals the characteristics and laws of the market behavior of emissions trading under the two trading mechanisms, but also indicates what emissions trading strategies enterprises should adopt to achieve their optimal production decisions under different mechanisms, and provides a scientific basis for the government to set the amount of fines for illegal over-emissions, so that the research results are more practical guidance for the implementation of the “efficient market and effective government” system of emissions trading.

Key words: pollution rights trading, production decision optimization, emission behavior, uncertainty set, robust optimization

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