中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 10-24.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.2053cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.2053
刘业政1,2, 黄超1,2, 孙春华1,2(
), 刘春丽1,2
收稿日期:2023-12-06
修回日期:2024-02-14
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-02-04
通讯作者:
孙春华
E-mail:sunchunhua@hfut.edu.cn
基金资助:
Yezheng Liu1,2, Chao Huang1,2, Chunhua Sun1,2(
), Chunli Liu1,2
Received:2023-12-06
Revised:2024-02-14
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-02-04
Contact:
Chunhua Sun
E-mail:sunchunhua@hfut.edu.cn
摘要:
改革开放以来,中国实现了从计划经济向社会主义市场经济的转型。基于辩证唯物主义文化观,社会变迁、文化和人类发展理论及文化认同理论,本文推断,市场化进程显著影响中国文化的传承与变迁。为此,本文进行了一项包含中国大陆31省份的研究,涉及5916名受访者的问卷调查,基于Hofstede文化模型绘制中国文化地图,并多层次分析市场化水平对文化价值观的影响及机制。研究表明,Hofstede有关国家(地区)文化维度的概念在中国情境下是有效的,验证了文化随着经济社会急剧转型、市场化进程的进一步深化呈现某些变化趋势的论点:由克制向放纵转变,人们强调追求幸福感和快乐等。与此同时,研究发现了中国独特文化传统持续存在甚至强化的证据:尊崇权威、集体主义、阳刚气质和低不确定性规避等。此外,研究证实个体感知的工商业文明水平在市场化水平与个体价值观的关系中发挥跨层次中介作用。这些结论为理解中国市场化转型背景下的文化传承与变迁提供了证据,对相关领域的学术研究和管理实践具有重要意义。
中图分类号:
刘业政,黄超,孙春华, 等. 市场化进程导致文化变迁还是强化文化传承[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(2): 10-24.
Yezheng Liu,Chao Huang,Chunhua Sun, et al. Does the Marketization Lead to Cultural Changes or Strengthen Cultural Inheritance[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(2): 10-24.
表1
变量介绍"
| 变量名称 | 变量符号 | 变量说明 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 文化价值观 | 尊重权威 | PDI | 在Level2指社会文化,在Level1指个体价值观 |
| 个体/集体主义 | IDV | ||
| 阳刚/阴柔气质 | MAS | ||
| 不确定性规避 | UAI | ||
| 放纵/克制 | IVR | ||
| 市场化水平 | MINDEX | Level2变量,衡量省份市场化水平的综合性指标 | |
| 城镇化率 | UR | Level2变量,衡量省份市场化水平的替代自变量 | |
| 省会城市纬度 | LATI | Level2变量,衡量省份地理位置 | |
| 省会城市经度 | LONGI | Level2变量,衡量省份地理位置 | |
| 个体感知的工商业文明水平 | PC | Level1变量,个体主观感知的工商业文明水平 | |
| 性别 | GENDER | Level1变量,被试的性别 | |
| 是否独生子女 | ONECHILD | Level1变量,被试的独生子女状态 | |
| 代际 | GEN | Level1变量,被试的代际 | |
表4
省份层面主要变量汇总表"
| PID | 省份 | 样本量 | 自变量 | 因变量 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LATI | LONGI | MINDEX | UR | PDI | IDV | MAS | UAI | IVR | |||
| 1 | 安徽 | 222 | 31.51 | 117.18 | 6.58 | 0.58 | 25.20 | -11.04 | 3.31 | -34.73 | 47.52 |
| 2 | 北京 | 214 | 39.54 | 116.28 | 6.95 | 0.88 | 28.88 | -10.79 | 16.52 | -41.47 | 54.25 |
| 3 | 福建 | 154 | 26.05 | 119.18 | 7.62 | 0.69 | 30.88 | -13.64 | 13.86 | -43.31 | 57.50 |
| 4 | 甘肃 | 253 | 36.03 | 103.49 | 3.95 | 0.52 | 22.71 | -11.90 | 4.15 | -18.38 | 32.93 |
| 5 | 广东 | 167 | 23.08 | 113.15 | 8.37 | 0.74 | 29.31 | -13.83 | 15.72 | -34.25 | 47.34 |
| 6 | 广西 | 168 | 22.48 | 108.20 | 5.34 | 0.54 | 31.19 | -11.25 | 18.75 | -24.08 | 43.84 |
| 7 | 贵州 | 165 | 26.35 | 106.42 | 4.95 | 0.53 | 19.46 | -13.58 | 5.73 | -39.76 | 52.36 |
| 8 | 海南 | 210 | 20.02 | 110.20 | 4.27 | 0.60 | 13.38 | -5.50 | 5.17 | -35.29 | 45.95 |
| 9 | 河北 | 175 | 38.02 | 114.28 | 5.89 | 0.60 | 27.29 | -12.60 | 13.20 | -26.97 | 48.20 |
| 10 | 河南 | 148 | 34.48 | 113.42 | 6.39 | 0.55 | 30.20 | -18.92 | 14.90 | -35.68 | 50.78 |
| 11 | 黑龙江 | 159 | 45.45 | 126.41 | 4.67 | 0.66 | 26.54 | -12.55 | 17.39 | -42.86 | 44.59 |
| 12 | 湖北 | 192 | 30.37 | 114.21 | 6.54 | 0.63 | 26.93 | -15.50 | 14.04 | -35.47 | 43.83 |
| 13 | 湖南 | 227 | 28.11 | 113.00 | 6.13 | 0.59 | 23.04 | -8.79 | 12.03 | -30.29 | 41.67 |
| 14 | 吉林 | 162 | 43.52 | 125.19 | 4.96 | 0.63 | 21.45 | -19.66 | 1.08 | -43.40 | 46.94 |
| 15 | 江苏 | 218 | 32.02 | 118.50 | 8.51 | 0.73 | 23.03 | -12.84 | 12.84 | -46.54 | 52.62 |
| 16 | 江西 | 169 | 28.41 | 115.52 | 6.59 | 0.60 | 21.24 | -9.73 | 11.81 | -31.54 | 45.56 |
| 17 | 辽宁 | 160 | 41.50 | 123.24 | 6.37 | 0.72 | 29.53 | -10.72 | 6.56 | -28.28 | 48.06 |
| 18 | 内蒙古 | 184 | 40.49 | 111.48 | 4.29 | 0.67 | 29.57 | -4.38 | 13.89 | -35.73 | 51.36 |
| 19 | 宁夏 | 160 | 38.20 | 106.16 | 4.45 | 0.65 | 32.47 | -14.22 | 18.16 | -33.44 | 48.44 |
| 20 | 青海 | 195 | 36.38 | 101.45 | 3.35 | 0.60 | 23.97 | -9.15 | 3.95 | -25.85 | 36.64 |
| 21 | 山东 | 159 | 36.38 | 117.00 | 7.07 | 0.63 | 33.55 | -4.62 | 12.55 | -38.40 | 53.52 |
| 22 | 山西 | 162 | 37.52 | 112.34 | 4.80 | 0.63 | 35.93 | -14.69 | 7.99 | -27.59 | 44.29 |
| 23 | 陕西 | 278 | 34.16 | 108.54 | 5.72 | 0.63 | 28.65 | -10.32 | 13.60 | -31.35 | 42.52 |
| 24 | 上海 | 189 | 31.14 | 121.29 | 7.97 | 0.89 | 29.68 | -12.96 | 13.33 | -43.81 | 58.89 |
| 25 | 四川 | 160 | 30.39 | 104.05 | 6.19 | 0.57 | 24.84 | -15.09 | 14.00 | -39.47 | 55.22 |
| 26 | 天津 | 189 | 39.09 | 117.11 | 6.60 | 0.85 | 32.46 | -6.67 | 8.52 | -37.78 | 44.07 |
| 27 | 西藏 | 163 | 29.39 | 90.08 | 1.56 | 0.36 | 19.45 | -0.86 | 6.87 | -33.22 | 54.51 |
| 28 | 新疆 | 311 | 43.48 | 87.36 | 3.93 | 0.57 | 25.98 | -6.75 | 2.81 | -20.80 | 43.33 |
| 29 | 云南 | 228 | 25.00 | 102.41 | 5.16 | 0.50 | 20.20 | -2.76 | 15.81 | -28.84 | 45.11 |
| 30 | 浙江 | 172 | 30.14 | 120.09 | 7.95 | 0.72 | 26.83 | -15.47 | 10.38 | -40.03 | 55.09 |
| 31 | 重庆 | 203 | 29.32 | 106.32 | 6.87 | 0.69 | 27.34 | -16.38 | 14.83 | -27.22 | 42.14 |
表7
尊重权威回归分析结果"
| PDI | 零模型 | 仅Level1 控制变量 | Level1控制变量+自变量 | Level1控制变量+Level2自变量 | 完整模型 | 社会文化OLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4r | 5 | 5r | 6 | 6r | |
| 固定效果 | |||||||||
| Level-1 | |||||||||
| Intercept,(G00) | 26.36** | 18.11** | 14.26** | 12.44** | 7.87* | 9.92** | 5.75 | ||
| GENDER,(G10) | -1.11 | -1.19 | -1.16 | -1.17 | -1.23 | -1.24 | |||
| ONECHILD,(G20) | -3.27** | -3.48** | -3.40** | -3.52** | -3.57** | -3.68** | |||
| GEN,(G30) | 3.76** | 3.73** | 3.71** | 3.65** | 3.69** | 3.64** | |||
| PC,(G40) | 1.28* | 1.12* | 1.08* | ||||||
| Level-2 | |||||||||
| Intercept | 20.20** | 14.98** | |||||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | 1.01* | 0.87 | 1.08* (R2=0.12) | ||||||
| UR,(G01’) | 17.47** | 15.59** | 18.92* (R2=0.20) | ||||||
| 方差成分 | |||||||||
| τ00,(u0) | 10.71** | 9.18** | 8.08* | 7.38* | 5.59 | 7.10* | 5.48 | ||
| σ2,(r) | 2420.48 | 2403.39 | 2402.76 | 2403.33 | 2403.44 | 2402.66 | 2402.76 | ||
| Deviance | 62899.15 | 62848.43 | 62841.59 | 62842.35 | 62834.77 | 62840.17 | 62832.81 | ||
表8
个体感知的工商业文明水平回归分析结果"
| PC | 零模型 | 仅Level1控制变量 | Level1控制变量+ Level2自变量 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 3r | |
| 固定效果 | ||||
| Level-1 | ||||
| Intercept,(G00) | 3.16** | 3.03** | 2.26** | 1.98** |
| GENDER,(G10) | 0.06* | 0.06* | 0.06* | |
| ONECHILD,(G20) | 0.15** | 0.15** | 0.15** | |
| GEN,(G30) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.01 | |
| Level-2 | ||||
| Intercept | ||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | 0.13** | |||
| UR,(G01’) | 1.73** | |||
| 方差成分 | ||||
| τ00,(u0) | 0.07** | 0.07** | 0.03** | 0.03** |
| σ2,(r) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Deviance | 16827.08 | 16811.17 | 16788.17 | 16786.78 |
表9
个体/集体主义回归分析结果"
| IDV | 零模型 | 仅Level1 控制变量 | Level1控制变量+自变量 | Level1控制变量+Level2自变量 | 完整模型 | 社会文化OLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4r | 5 | 5r | 6 | 6r | |
| 固定效果 | |||||||||
| Level-1 | |||||||||
| Intercept,(G00) | -11.03** | -12.99** | -12.14** | -6.03* | -7.37 | -5.93 | -7.06 | ||
| GENDER,(G10) | 1.41 | 1.43 | 1.51 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 1.45 | |||
| ONECHILD,(G20) | -0.86 | -0.81 | -0.68 | -0.69 | -0.68 | -0.67 | |||
| GEN,(G30) | 0.56 | 0.56 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.62 | |||
| PC,(G40) | -0.28 | -0.04 | -0.16 | ||||||
| Level-2 | |||||||||
| Intercept | -4.23 | -5.75 | |||||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | -1.24** | -1.24** | -1.20* (R2=0.18) | ||||||
| UR,(G01’) | -9.65 | -9.38 | -8.96 (R2=0.05) | ||||||
| 方差成分 | |||||||||
| τ00,(u0) | 7.14* | 7.11* | 6.88* | 3.70 | 6.46* | 3.71 | 6.40* | ||
| σ2,(r) | 2337.56 | 2337.69 | 2338.14 | 2337.76 | 2337.72 | 2338.15 | 2338.13 | ||
| Deviance | 62688.43 | 62681.96 | 62679.03 | 62673.20 | 62672.47 | 62674.13 | 62673.34 | ||
表10
阳刚/阴柔气质回归分析结果"
| MAS | 零模型 | 仅Level1 控制变量 | Level1控制变量+自变量 | Level1控制变量 +Level2自变量 | 完整模型 | 社会文化OLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4r | 5 | 5r | 6 | 6r | |
| 固定效果 | |||||||||
| Level-1 | |||||||||
| Intercept,(G00) | 10.98** | 12.51** | 3.08 | 5.04 | 4.67 | -1.68 | -1.38 | ||
| GENDER,(G10) | 4.96** | 4.76** | 4.91** | 4.94** | 4.73** | 4.75** | |||
| ONECHILD,(G20) | 0.54 | -0.00 | 0.36 | 0.35 | -0.12 | -0.11 | |||
| GEN,(G30) | -1.69* | -1.76* | -1.76** | -1.77* | -1.82* | -1.82* | |||
| PC,(G40) | 3.14** | 2.98** | 3.05** | ||||||
| Level-2 | |||||||||
| Intercept | 3.86 | 3.89 | |||||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | 1.34** | 0.94* | 1.25* (R2=0.16) | ||||||
| UR,(G01’) | 13.37* | 8.13 | 11.83 (R2=0.08) | ||||||
| 方差成分 | |||||||||
| τ00,(u0) | 13.05** | 12.93** | 10.07** | 8.81* | 10.95** | 8.32* | 9.61** | ||
| σ2,(r) | 2434.46 | 2427.07 | 2418.90 | 2427.30 | 2427.26 | 2419.07 | 2419.06 | ||
| Deviance | 62935.98 | 62911.02 | 62883.85 | 62902.94 | 62900.37 | 62882.12 | 62878.65 | ||
表11
不确定性规避回归分析结果"
| UAI | 零模型 | 仅Level1 控制变量 | Level1控制变量+自变量 | Level1控制变量+ Level2自变量 | 完整模型 | 社会文化OLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4r | 5 | 5r | 6 | 6r | |
| 固定效果 | |||||||||
| Level-1 | |||||||||
| Intercept,(G00) | -33.86** | -39.70** | -30.87** | -26.10** | -20.03** | -20.11** | -14.74* | ||
| GENDER,(G10) | 3.41* | 3.60* | 3.51* | 3.49* | 3.66* | 3.65* | |||
| ONECHILD,(G20) | 1.81 | 2.26 | 1.94 | 2.10 | 2.36 | 2.49 | |||
| GEN,(G30) | 1.23 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.44 | |||
| PC,(G40) | -2.93** | -2.66** | -2.67** | ||||||
| Level-2 | |||||||||
| Intercept | -21.93** | -16.68* | |||||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | -2.40** | -2.04* | -2.09** (R2=0.22) | ||||||
| UR,(G01’) | -33.20** | -28.58** | -28.56** (R2=0.22) | ||||||
| 方差成分 | |||||||||
| τ00,(u0) | 32.54** | 34.04** | 29.94** | 20.07** | 20.19** | 20.13** | 19.82** | ||
| σ2,(r) | 3997.58 | 3993.71 | 3987.33 | 3994.23 | 3994.04 | 3987.81 | 3987.72 | ||
| Deviance | 65876.52 | 65863.25 | 65847.25 | 65851.28 | 65845.80 | 65841.21 | 65835.65 | ||
表12
放纵/克制回归分析结果"
| IVR | 零模型 | 仅Level1 控制变量 | Level1控制变量+自变量 | Level1控制变量+ Level2自变量 | 完整模型 | 社会文化OLS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4r | 5 | 5r | 6 | 6r | |
| 固定效果 | |||||||||
| Level-1 | |||||||||
| Intercept,(G00) | 47.44** | 52.46** | 40.54** | 43.48** | 42.62** | 34.98** | 34.95** | ||
| GENDER,(G10) | -8.48** | -8.72** | -8.53** | -8.51** | -8.75** | -8.73** | |||
| ONECHILD,(G20) | 5.48** | 4.81* | 5.27** | 5.23** | 4.68* | 4.66* | |||
| GEN(,G30) | -0.85 | -0.95 | -0.95 | -0.96 | -1.02 | -1.03 | |||
| PC,(G40) | 3.97** | 3.76** | 3.84** | ||||||
| Level-2 | |||||||||
| Intercept | 39.12** | 38.57** | |||||||
| MINDEX,(G01) | 1.61* | 1.12 | 1.48* (R2=0.16) | ||||||
| UR,(G01’) | 16.82 (0.07) | 10.30 | 15.03 (0.11) (R2=0.09) | ||||||
| 方差成分 | |||||||||
| τ00,(u0) | 17.09** | 16.01** | 11.33* | 10.12* | 12.53* | 8.41 | 10.12* | ||
| σ2,(r) | 3845.37 | 3822.79 | 3810.09 | 3823.09 | 3823.25 | 3810.59 | 3810.56 | ||
| Deviance | 65637.28 | 65593.42 | 65565.43 | 65584.82 | 65582.06 | 65563.35 | 65559.73 | ||
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