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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 1-14.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0826cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0826

• •    下一篇

权证实现了股权分置改革对价支付功能吗?

俞乃畅, 程康, 李心丹, 杨学伟()   

  1. 南京大学工程管理学院,江苏 南京 210093
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24 修回日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-06
  • 通讯作者: 杨学伟 E-mail:xwyang@nju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(72122008);国家自然科学基金项目(W2411065);国家自然科学基金项目(72495151)

Do Warrants Fulfill the Role of Consideration Payment in China's Split-Share Structure Reform? Analysis Based on Proprietary Brokerage Data

Naichang Yu, Kang Cheng, Xindan Li, Xuewei Yang()   

  1. School of Management and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China
  • Received:2024-05-24 Revised:2024-09-12 Online:2026-03-25 Published:2026-03-06
  • Contact: Xuewei Yang E-mail:xwyang@nju.edu.cn

摘要:

现有关于中国权证市场的研究主要关注二级市场价格泡沫及其形成机制,忽视了关于“权证作为股权分置改革对价支付工具”的探讨:权证是否实现了补偿流通股股东潜在损失的功能?本文使用公开市场数据和私有脱敏账户数据,分析流通股股东的财富在股权分置改革前后的变化。基于公开市场数据的研究结果表明,股权分置改革后,28家公司的个股复权价格较股权分置改革公告前平均增长超过10%。基于账户数据的分析表明,获得权证对价的流通股股东,特别是在股权分置改革首次公告日之前持有股票的流通股股东,绝大多数(约90%)收益为正。总体来看,权证一级市场实现了保护流通股股东利益的功能。但由于不完备的二级市场交易机制和投资者适当性管理制度,权证上市交易后被投资者炒作并出现了投机泡沫,对投资者财富和市场稳定性造成了不利影响。本研究证实了金融衍生品在公司治理中可能产生的积极作用,有助于正确、全面地认识金融衍生品市场,助力其更好地服务实体经济高质量发展。

关键词: 金融衍生品, 中国权证市场, 公司治理

Abstract:

China’s capital market has made multiple efforts to introduce financial derivatives. In 1992, the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges launched the “Dafeyue Warrant” and the “Bao’an Warrant,” respectively, marking the initial introduction of option-based financial instruments in China. However, due to excessive speculation, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) suspended warrant trading in June 1996. It was not until 2005, following the progress of the split-share structure reform, that warrants were reintroduced as part of the reform process. Academic research and regulatory attention have primarily focused on the causes and economic implications of speculative bubbles in China’s warrants market. It aims to contribute to the existing literature by addressing a critical yet underexplored question: whether the warrants market, within the framework of the split-share structure reform, successfully protected the interests of holders of tradable shares?

The impact of the reform on 28 publicly listed companies is investigated that utilized warrants as a form of consideration. By leveraging both public market data and proprietary brokerage information, the fluctuations in public shareholders’ wealth before and after the reform are assessed and performance disparities among different categories of tradable shareholders are explored to evaluate the role of reform-related warrants. Specifically, public market data are employed to compute the adjusted price changes of individual stocks pre- and post-reform, thereby gauging shifts in the wealth of tradable shareholders. An event study methodology is then utilized to determine whether the issuance of warrants resulted in excess returns for tradable shareholders, focusing on abnormal returns during pivotal events such as the announcement of the reform, its implementation, and the listing of warrants. Subsequently, proprietary brokerage data is analyzed to directly assess the gross profits of tradable shareholders during the reform period. This empirical analysis centers on shareholders who were allocated warrants as consideration in the split-share structure reform, specifically investors who received warrants in the primary market for free. By examining account-level trading data for both stocks and warrants, the total profits accrued by these tradable shareholders, encompassing gains from both warrants and the underlying stocks are calculated.

The analysis of public market data reveals that, following the split-share structure reform, the adjusted prices of individual stocks for the 28 companies examined increased by an average of over 10% compared to the period preceding the reform announcement. Account-level data further indicates that approximately 90% of tradable shareholders who held stocks before the reform announcement and received warrants as consideration realized positive returns. It is suggested that the primary market for warrants effectively provided compensation to tradable shareholders. However, previous study in the literature also suggests that, due to shortcomings in secondary market trading mechanisms and inadequate management of investor suitability, speculative bubbles emerged following the listing of the warrants. These bubbles had a detrimental effect on investor wealth and market stability. Complementing the existing literature, a direct analysis of the returns is offered for tradable shareholders who received warrants in the primary market for free, providing robust empirical evidence regarding the compensatory role of warrants in the split-share structure reform. The focus of this paper is shifted from the market bubbles to the role of warrants within the split-share structure reform, highlighting the positive impact that warrants had on the reform process and affirming the potential positive role of financial derivatives in the domain of corporate governance.

Key words: financial derivatives, China’s warrants market, corporate governance

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