主管:中国科学院
主办:中国优选法统筹法与经济数学研究会
   中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院

中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 104-114.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.1417cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2025.1417

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安全裕度与综合效益权衡下的核电周边旅游规模优化研究

纪雅敏1, 高锋2, 祁明亮3,4(), 池宏3,4   

  1. 1.北京物资学院物流学院,北京 101149
    2.北京工业大学经济与管理学院,北京 100124
    3.中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京 100190
    4.中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-02 修回日期:2026-01-09 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 祁明亮 E-mail:mlqi@casisd.cn
  • 基金资助:
    北京市社会科学基金项目(23GLC048)

Optimizing Tourism Development Scale around Nuclear Power Plants: A Trade-off between Safety Margin and Comprehensive Benefits

Yamin Ji1, Feng Gao2, Mingliang Qi3,4(), Hong Chi3,4   

  1. 1.School of Logistics,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China
    2.College of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China
    3.Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
    4.School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-09-02 Revised:2026-01-09 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: Mingliang Qi E-mail:mlqi@casisd.cn

摘要:

核电站周边地区逐渐成为兼具科普与产业特色的特殊旅游目的地,但随着旅游规模扩大,人口密集度与流动性上升,与区域场外核应急安全建设的目标形成矛盾。因此,核电周边旅游规模和布局决策优化必须在发展与安全之间寻求平衡,这亦成为影响区域高质量发展的关键问题。本文基于统筹发展和安全的理念,提出将核电周边旅游业发展决策与场外核应急管理纳入同一决策框架,构建考虑安全裕度的多目标优化模型,用以刻画在既定应急制度约束条件下旅游发展方案的可行性边界及其权衡特征。以中国某核电项目为案例的情境化实证分析结果表明,相较于仅以效益或安全为单一目标的优化策略,多目标统筹优化能够在保持较高综合效益的同时显著提升系统安全裕度。应急资源配置水平通过应急容量等约束条件对旅游发展方案的可行解空间产生重要影响,部分高效益方案在应急能力受限情境下难以满足制度约束而不可行。此外,单纯削减游客总量并非提升区域安全水平的最优路径,旅游发展方案普遍倾向于优先配置烟羽应急计划外区游客,尤其是非住宿型游客。合理协调不同区域与不同类型游客的规模布局,有助于在制度约束条件下实现综合效益与安全裕度的协同提升。

关键词: 统筹发展与安全, 综合效益, 安全裕度, 旅游接待规模, 多目标优化

Abstract:

Under the dual-carbon and high-quality development agenda, areas surrounding nuclear power plants have emerged as tourism destinations integrating nuclear science popularization with regional economic activities. However, expanding tourism scale increases population density and mobility, thereby intensifying the complexity and operational burden of off-site nuclear emergency management. This creates an inherent trade-off between tourism development and emergency safety, making it essential to determine an appropriate tourism scale under institutional safety constraints. From a government decision-making perspective, this study formulates the problem as a joint optimization of tourist scale, spatial distribution, and emergency infrastructure investment under constraints of ecological capacity, tourism resources, and emergency preparedness systems. A safety margin indicator, defined as the ratio of emergency response capacity to exposed population, is introduced and decomposed into evacuation and decontamination components. A mixed-integer multi-objective optimization model is developed to simultaneously maximize comprehensive benefits and safety margins. Comprehensive benefits integrate economic, employment, and science popularization effects, while safety margins are derived from the comparison between system capacities and emergency demand. The model incorporates constraints such as ecological carrying capacity, accommodation limits, and emergency response time. Due to the NP-hard nature and conflicting objectives, an NSGA-II-based approach is employed, with pre-simulated evacuation and decontamination capacities embedded to reduce the search space. A case study based on a coastal nuclear power plant in China is conducted under three accident scenarios. Results show that: (1) a stable trade-off exists between benefits and safety; (2) coordinated multi-objective optimization significantly improves safety with limited benefit loss; (3) tourist structure and spatial allocation critically affect outcomes; and (4) optimizing composition and distribution is more effective than simply reducing tourist numbers. This study provides an integrated decision-support framework linking tourism development with nuclear emergency management, offering practical insights for sustainable development in high-risk energy regions.

Key words: balancing development and safety, comprehensive benefits, safety margin, tourism carrying capacity, multi-objective optimization

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