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中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 345-355.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0744cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2024.0744

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基于多目标优化的中国纯电动汽车发展路径研究

于茹, 王晓丽, 许孝君(), 王露   

  1. 燕山大学经济管理学院,河北 秦皇岛 066000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-10 修回日期:2024-07-20 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 许孝君 E-mail:xuxiaojundoc@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2023213)

Research on the Development Path of BEVs in China Based on Multi-objective Optimization

Ru Yu, Xiaoli Wang, Xiaojun Xu(), Lu Wang   

  1. School of Economics and Management,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066000,China
  • Received:2024-05-10 Revised:2024-07-20 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-07-14
  • Contact: Xiaojun Xu E-mail:xuxiaojundoc@126.com

摘要:

纯电动汽车产业的发展对中国节能降碳及产业结构升级具有重要意义。为揭示中国纯电动汽车销量增长与单位生产成本下降之间的关系,本文基于多目标优化算法研究了中国纯电动汽车的发展路径。首先,通过广义Bass模型预测了销量趋势,同时,结合双因素学习曲线模型分析了技术、产量与成本的关系,从而预测了成本变化趋势;其次,基于以上预测,建立了多目标优化模型以探索发展路径;最后进行仿真分析。结果显示:2028年销量与成本达到平衡状态,2026—2030年是销量扩张与成本下降协同推进的关键阶段;销量方面,预计2025年前中国纯电动汽车销量将快速增长,随后增速放缓,2029年后增速进一步下降,到2035年,纯电动汽车累计销量将达到预设目标,其中2024—2031年的年均新增销量高达1409.78万辆;生产成本方面,2016—2025年受产品开发成本影响,动力电池单位生产成本高且价格波动大,2025—2031年呈稳步下降,至2031年价格将达到目标区间。

关键词: 纯电动汽车, 优化路径, 广义Bass模型, 双因素学习曲线, 多目标优化

Abstract:

The development of the battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry is of great significance for energy conservation, carbon reduction, and industrial restructuring in China. This study investigates the development path of China’s BEV industry based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm. First, the generalized Bass model is employed to forecast the sales trend. Meanwhile, the two-factor learning curve model is used to analyze the relationship among technology, production scale, and cost, thereby predicting the trend of cost changes. Second, based on the above forecasts, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed to explore the development path. Finally, simulation analysis is conducted. The results show that sales and cost reach a balanced state in 2028, and the period from 2026 to 2030 represents a key stage for the coordinated advancement of industrial sales expansion and cost reduction. In terms of sales, China’s BEV sales are expected to maintain relatively rapid growth before 2025, after which the growth rate will gradually slow down and decline further after 2029. By 2035, cumulative sales are projected to reach the preset target, with an average annual increase of 14.0978 million vehicles from 2024 to 2031. In terms of production cost, affected by product development costs, the unit production cost of power batteries remains high and fluctuates significantly during 2016-2025. From 2025 to 2031, the cost shows a steady downward trend and is expected to approach the target range by 2031.

Key words: battery electric vehicles, optimization path, generalized bass model, two-factor learning curve, multi-objective optimization

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