中国管理科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 323-335.doi: 10.16381/j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1242cstr: 32146.14.j.cnki.issn1003-207x.2023.1242
收稿日期:2023-07-25
修回日期:2023-11-09
出版日期:2026-02-25
发布日期:2026-02-04
通讯作者:
张莎
E-mail:zhangsha@ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
Wei Li1, Zecheng Fan2, Sha Zhang1(
)
Received:2023-07-25
Revised:2023-11-09
Online:2026-02-25
Published:2026-02-04
Contact:
Sha Zhang
E-mail:zhangsha@ucas.ac.cn
摘要:
随着多种不同类型线上渠道的出现,企业线上渠道拓展策略也越发多样化。然而,不同类型线上渠道拓展策略(如上线京东等B2C平台vs.饿了么等O2O平台)对线下渠道协同效应的对比研究较为少见。本文基于全渠道连续体框架和联想网络理论,量化完全策略(O2O)和垂直策略(B2C)两种不同类型线上渠道拓展策略对线下门店销售额的协同和侵蚀效应。基于中国某著名高档酒品连锁品牌1696家线下门店以及9个线上平台的销售额数据,通过面板回归和DID建模,研究结果显示,企业采用完全策略和垂直策略对线下门店销售额均有正向影响,但相比垂直策略,完全策略对线下渠道的协同作用更大。此外,门店密度越大,垂直策略对实体店销售额的正影响越大。本文的研究结论对全渠道营销和企业实践具有重要借鉴意义。
中图分类号:
李伟,范则成,张莎. B2C VS.O2O:线上渠道拓展类型对线下渠道的影响及门店密度的调节作用[J]. 中国管理科学, 2026, 34(2): 323-335.
Wei Li,Zecheng Fan,Sha Zhang. The Effects of Adding B2C Versus O2O Channel on Offline Sales: Store Density as a Moderator[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2026, 34(2): 323-335.
表1
变量及其定义"
| 变量类别 | 变量符号 | 定义 |
|---|---|---|
| 线下门店销售额 | offline_sales | 线下门店日销售额 |
| 完全策略渠道销售额(cs_sales) | elm_sales | 饿了么平台日销售额 |
| mt_sales | 美团平台日销售额 | |
| xcx_sales | 外卖小程序日销售额 | |
| 垂直策略渠道销售额(vs_sales) | jd1_sales | 京东1店日销售额 |
| jd2_sales | 京东2店日销售额 | |
| jdzy_sales | 京东自营日销售额 | |
| tm_sales | 天猫日销售额 | |
| tmcs_sales | 天猫超市日销售额 | |
| app_sales | 自营App日销售额 | |
| 控制变量-日期特征 | weekday | 周几 |
| after_covid19 | 是否在疫情之后 | |
| holiday | 是否节假日 | |
| pre_holidays | 是否在节假日前三天 | |
| trend | 据统计开始之日的天数 | |
| 控制变量-省份特征 | density | 门店密度,反映消费者的可触及性,各省门店数量除以地区面积 |
| age | 平均门店开业时间,当前日期减去门店开业日,单位天 | |
| square | 平均门店面积,各省所有门店的平均面积,单位平方米 | |
| worktime | 平均营业时间,省份所有门店平均每天营业时长,单位小时 |
表2
关键变量的描述统计"
| 变量 | 各子渠道销售额 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 均值 | 标准差 | 观测天数 | ||
| offline_sales | 15.043 | 0.897 | 1182 | |
| elm_sales | 8.282 | 1.741 | 1182 | |
| mt_sales | 9.147 | 1.247 | 1182 | |
| xcx_sales | 6.547 | 2.639 | 1182 | |
| jd1_sales | 8.976 | 5.083 | 1182 | |
| jd2_sales | 6.95 | 5.664 | 1182 | |
| jdzy_sales | 3.317 | 5.226 | 1182 | |
| tm_sales | 5.061 | 4.675 | 1182 | |
| tmcs_sales | 2.188 | 4.356 | 1182 | |
| app_sales | 12.948 | 1.305 | 1182 | |
| 门店特征 | ||||
| 变量 | 均值 | 标准差 | 最小值 | 最大值 |
| density | 10.508 | 14.102 | 0.075 | 68.254 |
| age | 637.742 | 349.745 | 0.000 | 4128.000 |
| square | 117.119 | 48.337 | 38.000 | 560.000 |
| worktime | 13.182 | 1.371 | 6.000 | 23.980 |
表3
完全策略和垂直策略对线下销售额的影响(标准化系数)"
| 变量 | 模型1 控制变量 | 模型2 完全策略 | 模型3 垂直策略 | 模型4 完全+垂直策略 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cs_impact | 0.303***(0.039) | 0.222*** (0.035) | ||
| vs_impact | 0.200*** (0.028) | 0.177*** (0.028) | ||
| elm_sales | 0.057*(0.018) | 0.022(0.013) | ||
| mt_sales | 0.326***(0.036) | 0.270*** (0.036) | ||
| xcx_sales | 0.113***(0.010) | 0.047*(0.009) | ||
| jd1_sales | 0.318**(0.025) | 0.295*(0.024) | ||
| jd2_sales | 0.309*** (0.012) | 0.311*** (0.012) | ||
| jdzy_sales | -0.115*** (0.004) | -0.102*** (0.004) | ||
| tm_sales | -0.052(0.006) | -0.056*(0.006) | ||
| tmcs_sales | 0.022(0.006) | 0.087*** (0.005) | ||
| app_sales | 0.175*** (0.016) | 0.125*** (0.016) | ||
| Tuesday | -0.018(0.108) | -0.012(0.106) | -0.026(0.109) | -0.021(0.108) |
| Wednesday | 0.017(0.063) | 0.019(0.059) | 0.014(0.055) | 0.018(0.053) |
| Thursday | 0.015(0.064) | 0.000(0.060) | 0.009(0.055) | 0.001(0.054) |
| Friday | 0.043*(0.061) | 0.007(0.059) | 0.041**(0.053) | 0.016(0.055) |
| Saturday | -0.009(0.062) | -0.047**(0.058) | 0.023(0.053) | -0.013(0.052) |
| Sunday | -0.033(0.062) | -0.039*(0.059) | 0.014(0.055) | -0.003(0.054) |
| after_covid19 | -0.155*** (0.107) | -0.118**(0.111) | -0.481*** (0.271) | -0.391*** (0.263) |
| holiday | -0.136*** (0.075) | -0.158*** (0.070) | -0.076*** (0.067) | -0.104*** (0.065) |
| pre_holidays | 0.123*** (0.072) | 0.096*** (0.070) | 0.132*** (0.071) | 0.114*** (0.069) |
| trend | 0.678*** (0.000) | 0.300*** (0.000) | 0.506*** (0.000) | 0.149**(0.000) |
| observations | 1182 | 1182 | 1182 | 1182 |
| R-squared | 0.364 | 0.421 | 0.461 | 0.485 |
表4
垂直策略渠道与完全策略线下销售额的面板回归"
| 变量 | 垂直策略 | 完全策略 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 模型5 | 模型6 | 模型7 | 模型8 | |
| vs_sales | 0.088***(0.031) | -0.057*** (0.017) | ||
| cs_sales | 0.066**(0.028) | 0.049*(0.028) | ||
| vs_sales×density | 0.007*** (0.001) | |||
| cs_sales×density | 0.001(0.002) | |||
| density | 0.024**(0.010) | -0.079*** (0.01) | 0.022**(0.009) | -0.008(0.018) |
| age | 0.001**(0.001) | 0.001(0.001) | 0.001***(0.001) | 0.001(0.001) |
| square | 0.004***(0.001) | 0.003***(0.001) | 0.005***(0.001) | 0.004***(0.001) |
| worktime | 0.011(0.053) | 0.029(0.036) | -0.009(0.058) | 0.014(0.040) |
| Tuesday | 0.032(0.070) | -0.577(0.486) | 0.042(0.068) | -.466(0.555) |
| Wednesday | 0.059(0.063) | -1.189*(0.601) | 0.082(0.064) | -1.115(0.663) |
| Thursday | 0.117**(0.059) | 0.082(0.503) | 0.162***(0.056) | 0.159(0.531) |
| Friday | 0.229***(0.065) | -0.051(0.629) | 0.246***(0.064) | 0.052(0.645) |
| Saturday | 0.120(0.088) | -1.382**(0.560) | 0.102(0.089) | -1.187**(0.568) |
| Sunday | 0.039(0.057) | -1.907***(0.676) | 0.003(0.070) | -1.724***(0.708) |
| after_covid19 | 0.664***(0.220) | 3.768***(0.643) | 0.78***(0.226) | 4.455***(0.653) |
| holiday | 0.117(0.099) | 0.793(0.521) | 0.044(0.107) | 0.764(0.545) |
| pre_holidays | 0.768***(0.086) | -0.285(0.654) | 0.774***(0.087) | -0.249(0.666) |
| fixed province effect | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| fixed time effect | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| const | 5.783***(0.698) | 6.294***(0.876) | 6.23***(0.701) | 4.87***(1.000) |
| observations | 9105 | 9105 | 8448 | 8448 |
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